Mittlerer Osten (Syrien, Libanon, Jordanien, Irak)

Aufgrund der vergangenen und anhaltenden bewaffneten Konflikte sind die humanitären Bedürfnisse im Mittleren Osten enorm. Die Schweiz stellt Hilfe und Dienstleistungen zum Schutz der von Gewalt betroffenen Bevölkerung bereit und bemüht sich um Frieden und die Prävention gewaltsamer Konflikte. Sie unterstützt nachhaltiges Wassermanagement, eine qualitativ hochwertige Bildung und die Schaffung von Einkommensquellen für Flüchtlinge, Binnenvertriebene und Migrierende. Sie engagiert sich für Aufnahmegemeinschaften im Irak, in Jordanien, im Libanon, in Syrien und in der Türkei.

MiddleEast_DEZALander_Jerusalem Gaza Westbank DTC

Der Mittlere Osten steht nach wie vor im Fokus der internationalen Gemeinschaft und der Schweiz. Vergangene und gegenwärtige Konflikte haben zu Verstössen gegen die Menschenrechte und das humanitäre Völkerrecht geführt. Die Syrienkrise hat seit 2011 das Leben von mindestens 12 Millionen Menschen beeinträchtigt. Mehr als 5,5 Millionen Syrerinnen und Syrer sind in den Nachbarländern (Libanon, Jordanien, Türkei und Irak) als Flüchtlinge registriert und 6 Millionen gelten als Binnenvertriebene. Die Zahl der Rückkehrenden ist äusserst gering. Seit Beginn des Kriegs wurde rund eine halbe Million Menschen getötet, unzählige Personen wurden festgenommen oder gelten als vermisst. Der Irak befindet sich im Übergang von einer Notsituation zu einer Wiederaufbauphase. Es gibt jedoch nach wie vor rund 1,6 Millionen Binnenvertriebene und fast 7 Millionen Menschen, die auf humanitäre Hilfe angewiesen sind. Der anhaltende Konflikt überfordert die Aufnahmegemeinschaften und Regierungen.

Das übergeordnete Ziel der Schweiz im Mittleren Osten ist die Schaffung eines sicheren Umfelds für konfliktbetroffene und verletzliche Menschen. Dabei stehen die Rettung von Menschenleben, die Stärkung der Gemeinschaften, eine Verringerung der Fragilität und Entwicklungsperspektiven im Vordergrund. Auf politischer Ebene fördert die Schweiz eine gute Regierungsführung und die Achtung der Menschenrechte, einschliesslich der Flüchtlingsrechte, sowie des humanitären Völkerrechts. Ausserdem ist sie aktiv in der Konfliktprävention und -transformation.

Schutz und Migration

Schutz der konfliktbetroffenen und verletzlichen Bevölkerung in Syrien

In Syrien gibt es wegen des anhaltenden Konflikts über 6 Millionen Binnenvertriebene. Im Durchschnitt wurden die Menschen seit Beginn der Krise zwei- bis dreimal vertrieben, was ihre Verletzlichkeit erhöht. Diese besonders gefährdeten Menschen brauchen Unterkünfte, Wasser, Bildung und andere Dienstleistungen. Die Schweiz unterstützt bedürftige Haushalte mit Geldleistungen und Schulungen, damit sie ihre Grundbedürfnisse, einschliesslich Sicherung der Lebensgrundlagen, decken können. 

Katastrophenvorsorge, Nothilfe und Wiederaufbau

Wasser, Hygiene und sanitäre Anlagen

Verbesserter Zugang zu Wasser und sanitären Einrichtungen im Bekaa-Tal, Libanon

Im Libanon leben mehr als eine Million syrische Flüchtlinge. Der Druck auf natürliche Ressourcen wie Wasser ist folglich sehr hoch. Im an Syrien angrenzenden Bekaa-Tal unterstützt die DEZA die lokale Wasserbehörde bei der Überwachung des Wasser- und Abwassersystems. Die DEZA arbeitet mit dem Bekaa Water Establishment zusammen, um die Aufnahmegemeinschaften und die im Tal lebenden syrischen Flüchtlinge mit sauberem Wasser zu versorgen.

Wasser

Bildung und Einkommen

Verbesserung der Qualität und Förderung integrativer Bildungssysteme

Konflikte und Vertreibungen belasten die ohnehin schon geschwächte lokale Volkswirtschaft zusätzlich. Die Schweiz will mit ihrem Engagement die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen abfedern, indem sie einen gerechten Zugang zu Bildung und Einkommen fördert. Durch die Stärkung der nationalen Bildungskapazitäten will sie die Lernfähigkeit von Kindern verbessern, zur Erreichung ihres Lernpotenzials beitragen und den Abschluss der obligatorischen Schule fördern. Zudem unterstützt sie Verdienstmöglichkeiten und den Privatsektor, fördert rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für menschenwürdige Einkommen und verbessert die Perspektiven von Frauen und Männern. Durch die Einbeziehung der Aufnahmegemeinschaften und Flüchtlinge in Bildungs- und Einkommensvorhaben soll die soziale Kohäsion gestärkt und weitere Gewalt verhindert werden.

Grund- und Berufsbildung

Friedensförderung und Konfliktprävention

Bedingungen für Frieden und Versöhnung

Die Schweiz will die Ursachen von Gewalt bekämpfen und gewalttätige Konflikte verhindern. Sie fördert den Frieden durch die Wiederherstellung von Beziehungsnetzen und sozialen Systemen, die den Bedürfnissen der gesamten Bevölkerung entsprechen, und durch Konfliktlösungen. Dabei zieht die Schweiz staatliche und nichtstaatliche Akteure auf lokaler und nationaler Ebene in die Prozesse ein und fördert angemessene rechtliche und politische Rahmenbedingungen.

Ansatz und Partner

Die Ursachen der anhaltenden Konflikte im Mittleren Osten und deren Zusammenhänge verlangen nach einer regionalen Lösung. Die Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit (DEZA), die Abteilung Frieden und Menschenrechte (AFM) und das Staatssekretariat für Migration (SEM) arbeiten im Rahmen eines «Whole of Government»-Ansatzes eng zusammen, um die Ziele der internationalen Zusammenarbeit der Schweiz in der Region zu erreichen.

Die DEZA konzentriert sich dabei auf vier Schwerpunkte:

  1. Geld- und Sachbeiträge an humanitäre und Entwicklungsorganisationen,
  2. Direktaktionen,
  3. Entsendung von technischen Expertinnen und Experten des Schweizerisches Korps für humanitäre Hilfe an UNO-Organisationen und
  4. Förderung der internationalen Koordination und der humanitären Diplomatie.

Die AFM unterstützt multilaterale und nationale Akteuren mit ihrem Fachwissen durch die Entsendung von Expertinnen und Experten des Schweizerischen Expertenpools für zivile Friedensförderung des EDA oder eigenen Mitarbeitenden. Sie fördert und ermöglicht Dialoge und Kapazitätsaufbau im direkten Austausch oder über NGO. Sie unterstützt internationale und nationale NGO fachlich und finanziell.

Zu den wichtigsten Akteuren der Schweiz in der Region zählen: 

  • nationale und lokale Akteure in den betroffenen Ländern
  • internationale Organisationen: u. a. das Internationale Komitee vom Roten Kreuz (IKRK)
  • multilaterale Organisationen: das Büro für die Koordinierung humanitärer Angelegenheiten (OCHA), das Hochkommissariat der Vereinten Nationen für Flüchtlinge (UNHCR), das Kinderhilfswerk der Vereinten Nationen (UNICEF) und das Hilfswerk der Vereinten Nationen für Palästinaflüchtlinge im Nahen Osten (UNRWA), das Büro des Sondergesandten für Syrien, das Entwicklungsprogramm der Vereinten Nationen (UNDP) usw.
  • lokale Organisationen der Zivilgesellschaft
  • internationale und schweizerische NGO: u. a. Terre des hommes und MEDAIR

Projekte Irak

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Supporting displacement-affected communities to access essential services and achieve durable solutions in Diyala and Ninewa governorates, Iraq

15.04.2023 - 14.04.2025

Although the Islamic State (IS) was defeated territorially more than five years ago, 2.5 million people in Iraq are in need of humanitarian assistance. This project aims to address key protection issues, such as lack of access to civil legal documents, in displacement-affected communities in Diyala and Ninewa governorates. The goal is to achieve durable solutions through access to essential services and handover to national agencies through capacity building and advocacy.


Contribution to UNHCR Programme Budget 2023-2024 (earmarked)

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2024

UNHCR is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners due to its unique mandate by the General Assembly of United Nations to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, refugee returnees, and stateless persons. The strategic direction 2022-26 concretise the overall mandate of UNHCR for the upcoming years. Contributing to these directions allows Switzerland to achieve in particular the human development goal defined in the Dispatch to Parliament on International Cooperation for 2021-24.

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Projekte Libanon

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Enhanced Protection and Support to the Most Vulnerable Children, notably Refugee Children, in Lebanon

16.08.2024 - 15.08.2027

Children of all nationalities in Lebanon are affected by the country’s multifaceted crisis and collapse of public services. They face heightened risks of abuse, exploitation and violence, and of getting in contact or even in conflict with the law. Specific groups like refugee children are particularly at risk of seeing their rights violated. Through this project, NGOs and UNICEF will jointly enhance the protection of children from violence by providing them with crucial legal and protection services and by improving the child-friendliness of the justice system (nexus).


UNICEF – Improving drinking water quality in Lebanon

01.06.2024 - 31.05.2026

Lebanon’s water sector is at risk of collapse. Therefore Switzerland, in partnership with UNICEF supports the provision of safe water through the public service. The proposed intervention is critical to the water sector and serves as emergency support to the population to avoid impacts of collapsed water systems such as cholera. It also lays the ground for longer-term improved water quality in Lebanon.


OCHA Core Contribution 2024-2025

01.01.2024 - 31.12.2025

Switzerland’s objective is to support the United Nations (UN) Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) with high-quality funding while advocating for new, more inclusive and forward-looking ways of working to enable an efficient and effective humanitarian response to people in need in accordance with humanitarian principles and international humanitarian law. OCHA is a priority organization for Switzerland.


Decent work for Migrants in the Middle East

01.10.2023 - 30.09.2027

Migrant workers and refugees face obstacles to access decent work in the Middle East, one of the largest migrant hosting regions, which limits their ability to contribute to their countries of origin and destination. To maximize benefits of migration and reduce harm, Switzerland engages various public and private stakeholders for the promotion of decent working conditions in Jordan, Lebanon and the Gulf, through access to justice, migrant empowerment and addressing worker welfare in the green and just transition.


Contribution to UNICEF Transition and Resilience Education Fund (TREF)

01.07.2023 - 31.12.2025

Switzerland’s contribution to UNICEF’s Transition and Resilience Education Fund (TREF) in Lebanon ensures access to relevant quality public education for the most vulnerable children of all nationalities to avoid the scenario of a lost generation after 4 years of disrupted education. Amidst Lebanon’s economic crisis, TREF further contributes to improving the governance, efficiency, inclusiveness, and overall resilience of Lebanon public education system.


Program Contribution for Fondation Terre des hommes 2023-2024

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2024

The program of the Terre des hommes Foundation (TdhF) aims to sustainably reduce child mortality and morbidity and to secure access to health, sanitation and clean water for mothers and children (0-18 years) in severe poverty. Children in contexts of migration, conflict and disasters, and child victims of violence are better protected. International standards in child-friendly justice are promoted. Humanitarian interventions in fragile contexts, combined with poverty reduction and sustainable development are promoted through innovative work with children and youths.


Contribution to UNRWA's Programme Budget 2023-2024

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2024

UNRWA is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners in the Middle East, due to its important contributions towards stability and peace in the region and its role in providing services and humanitarian assistance to people in need. Under its Programme Budget, UNRWA ensures universal access to quality primary health care and to basic education to 5.8 million registered Palestine refugees. It also provides targeted relief and social services to vulnerable refugees.


Contribution to UNHCR Programme Budget 2023-2024 (earmarked)

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2024

UNHCR is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners due to its unique mandate by the General Assembly of United Nations to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, refugee returnees, and stateless persons. The strategic direction 2022-26 concretise the overall mandate of UNHCR for the upcoming years. Contributing to these directions allows Switzerland to achieve in particular the human development goal defined in the Dispatch to Parliament on International Cooperation for 2021-24.


LEB/JOR DANIDA - Regional Development and Protection Programme (RDPP)

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2026

In Lebanon and Jordan, the protracted refugee crisis, structural fragility, political and economic crises, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased poverty and unemployment, especially among youth and women. Switzerland will support vulnerable communities in both countries to access their rights, enjoy increased safety and enhance their self-reliance through a combination of livelihoods support, protection, research and advocacy contributing to progress towards durable and sustainable solutions.


LEB Access and Quality Education for refugee and vulnerable host community children

01.10.2021 - 31.12.2025

The education sector in Lebanon is facing multiple crises, leading to the discontinuity of learning for many children. Switzerland’s contribution to Plan International and Save the Children will provide children in the Bekaa and Baalbek-Hermel governorates with improved access to and retention in quality, safe and inclusive education. The project follows a triple nexus approach by considering immediate humanitarian needs and aiming at the reintegration of out-of-school children while fostering social cohesion in a context of mounting tensions. 


Decent Work for Migrants in the Middle East

15.07.2019 - 31.10.2024

This program contributes to decent work opportunities for migrants and refugees in the Middle East which is one of the largest migrant hosting regions globally due to economic demands and displacement from conflict. It complements the focus on Asian migrants with migrants from Africa and seek closer partnership with the private sector. Due to its relevant expertise and experience in decent work and fair recruitment, Switzerland is well placed to contribute to an improved protection and an enhanced wellbeing of migrant workers and self-reliance for refugees, to maximize the productive potential of migration, and to counter irregular and unsafe migration.

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Projekte Syrien

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Contribution to UNRWA's Programme Budget 2023-2024

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2024

UNRWA is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners in the Middle East, due to its important contributions towards stability and peace in the region and its role in providing services and humanitarian assistance to people in need. Under its Programme Budget, UNRWA ensures universal access to quality primary health care and to basic education to 5.8 million registered Palestine refugees. It also provides targeted relief and social services to vulnerable refugees.


Contribution to UNHCR Programme Budget 2023-2024 (earmarked)

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2024

UNHCR is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners due to its unique mandate by the General Assembly of United Nations to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, refugee returnees, and stateless persons. The strategic direction 2022-26 concretise the overall mandate of UNHCR for the upcoming years. Contributing to these directions allows Switzerland to achieve in particular the human development goal defined in the Dispatch to Parliament on International Cooperation for 2021-24.

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Projekte Jordanien

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Decent work for Migrants in the Middle East

01.10.2023 - 30.09.2027

Migrant workers and refugees face obstacles to access decent work in the Middle East, one of the largest migrant hosting regions, which limits their ability to contribute to their countries of origin and destination. To maximize benefits of migration and reduce harm, Switzerland engages various public and private stakeholders for the promotion of decent working conditions in Jordan, Lebanon and the Gulf, through access to justice, migrant empowerment and addressing worker welfare in the green and just transition.


System Strengthening Partnership Programme of the Ministry of Education Jordan and through UNESCO

01.07.2023 - 31.12.2025

In Jordan, the access to inclusive, protective quality education for vulnerable young people is impacted by natural and human-made hazards, including the protracted Syria crisis and climate change. Switzerland’s contribution to UNESCO for the System Strengthening Partnership Programme of the Ministry of Education enhances governance for evidence-based and crisis-sensitive education planning and delivery, as per Jordan’s Education Strategic Plan 2018-2025.


Sanitation Solutions for underserved Communities in Jordan

01.06.2023 - 31.05.2026

Switzerland will build a decentralised wastewater treatment plant in Azraq. Proven Swiss know-how in wastewater management will be applied to increase the efficiency of the treatment plant and to demonstrate how wastewater can be converted into physical and financial resources. The chosen approach for reducing freshwater consumption in agriculture by replacing it with safely treated waste water, in one of the most water-scarce countries, will be promoted based on the implementation of this flagship project.


Enhancing Protection and Justice for Vulnerable Children and Youth in Jordan

01.02.2023 - 31.12.2025

Children are among the most affected by multiple crisis in Jordan. The holistic child protection intervention proposed by Terre des hommes (Tdh) addresses and responds to the complex and intertwined protection needs of the most vulnerable children and youth in Jordan. It links quality of services with institutionalcapacity building and advocacy, thereby fostering a right-based and more sustainable child protection system and addressing hindering social norms in a comprehensive way.


JOR NRC Safe and Inclusive Schools (SIS) Programme

01.02.2023 - 31.12.2025

Switzerland aims to reduce barriers to sustainable solutions for children and adolescents through education programming in Jordan. With the project planned initiatives, capacity strengthening, evidence-based research and training, the school community will be mobilized for positive action within their schools and the improved knowledge and practices will increase the overall quality of teaching and learning, which in turn will improve retention rates in formal schools.


Contribution to UNRWA's Programme Budget 2023-2024

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2024

UNRWA is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners in the Middle East, due to its important contributions towards stability and peace in the region and its role in providing services and humanitarian assistance to people in need. Under its Programme Budget, UNRWA ensures universal access to quality primary health care and to basic education to 5.8 million registered Palestine refugees. It also provides targeted relief and social services to vulnerable refugees.


JOR Medair: Social protection program towards improving resilience of refugees and vulnerable Jordanians

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2025

The project initiates a third phase during which Medair Jordan will continue to reach new households in Amman, Irbid and Mafraq with case management and cash for protection, including emergency cash assistance, while focusing on livelihoods solutions to improve the resilience of refugees and vulnerable Jordanians. The project will also build and strengthen the institutional capacities of local actors to provide social protection services through coordination and experience and knowledge exchange.


Contribution to UNHCR Programme Budget 2023-2024 (earmarked)

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2024

UNHCR is one of Switzerland’s key multilateral partners due to its unique mandate by the General Assembly of United Nations to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum seekers, refugee returnees, and stateless persons. The strategic direction 2022-26 concretise the overall mandate of UNHCR for the upcoming years. Contributing to these directions allows Switzerland to achieve in particular the human development goal defined in the Dispatch to Parliament on International Cooperation for 2021-24.


JPOs4UN Programme 2023-2028

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2028

The JPOs4UN programme aims at increasing the presence of Switzerland in the UN by augmenting the number of Swiss nationals working in SDC priority UN organizations. Switzerland directly funds partner humanitarian UN organizations to hire 11 Swiss young professionals on a three-year Junior Programme Officer contract; the Swiss foundation CINFO provides administrative support and career counselling. Swiss nationals add to a qualified and diverse UN workforce to implement the Agenda 2030.


LEB/JOR DANIDA - Regional Development and Protection Programme (RDPP)

01.01.2023 - 31.12.2026

In Lebanon and Jordan, the protracted refugee crisis, structural fragility, political and economic crises, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased poverty and unemployment, especially among youth and women. Switzerland will support vulnerable communities in both countries to access their rights, enjoy increased safety and enhance their self-reliance through a combination of livelihoods support, protection, research and advocacy contributing to progress towards durable and sustainable solutions.



Jordan ACF - Community-based WASH service provision in Azraq Camp

01.01.2022 - 31.12.2024

While water supply available for refugees in Azraq camp now meets minimum standards, ongoing concerns remains around water conservation, with informal water connections and vandalism of shared WASH resources. Over the last two years, increased water consumption which led to the erosion of water supply, weak pressure in the water network, and inequitable distribution were observed. This made empowering refugees to take accountability to promote efficient use of water and sustainable management of the WASH facilities very critical.

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