What does Switzerland do in the UN Security Council?

Humanitarian aid often takes place in contexts affected by UN sanctions. On 6 December 2024, the UN Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution setting out humanitarian exemptions for all UN financial sanctions. The resolution underlines Switzerland's long-standing commitment to reducing the negative impact of sanctions on the civilian population and on humanitarian work. It protects the civilian population – a priority of the Federal Council for Switzerland's membership of the Council in 2023–24. Switzerland, together with the United States, put the resolution to the vote in the Security Council.

Article: Humanitarian aid must reach those in need despite UN sanctions

The UN Security Council held an emergency meeting today to address the latest developments in Syria. Speaking in New York, Switzerland expressed grave concern over the hostilities in the province of Idlib and the city of Aleppo. "This further escalation could have serious repercussions for peace and security in the country and across the entire region. It must stop immediately," Switzerland told the Security Council. It condemned the offensive by armed groups and the Syrian government's retaliatory attacks, which have led to the deaths of numerous civilians. In this context, Switzerland called on all parties to fulfill their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law.

After 14 years of conflict, over 16 million people in Syria are in need of humanitarian aid. Switzerland is alarmed by reports that recent hostilities are jeopardizing the delivery of humanitarian assistance to northern and north-western Syria. The rapid, safe, and unimpeded delivery of aid is an obligation for all parties under international humanitarian law. It is therefore crucial that cross-border humanitarian aid to Syria continues without interruption. Furthermore, Switzerland emphasized that the safety of humanitarian and UN personnel must be guaranteed by the parties to the conflict, as mandated by the Security Council in Resolution 2730.

This escalation of hostilities is a consequence of the political vacuum and the absence of a political process in Syria. In New York, Switzerland called on all parties to the conflict to resume dialogue and commit to a credible peace process. “Only a political solution can bring an end to this devastating conflict,” Switzerland stated in the Council, reaffirming its readiness to support any initiatives and to facilitate peace talks under the auspices of the UN in Geneva, as a host state providing its good offices.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Syria, UN Security Council, 03.12.2024

During an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, Switzerland condemned Russia's recent attacks on several regions in Ukraine. In New York, Switzerland recalled that attacks on the civilian population and civilian infrastructure are prohibited under international humanitarian law. All parties to the conflict are called upon to comply with international law, to protect the civilian population and to respect human rights. The precarious situation of nuclear facilities, in particular the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, is a matter of particular concern. Attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure endanger nuclear security and safety and require urgent further attention.

At the emergency meeting, Switzerland deplored the damaging effects of Russia's aggression on the international disarmament and arms control architecture. It condemned in particular Russia's repeated nuclear threats and deplored reports of the use of a long-range ballistic missile against Ukraine. Switzerland also expressed concern about the use of irritants in combat in violation of the Chemical Weapons Convention in the context of war, as recently confirmed by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Switzerland also expressed its deep concern about Russia's repeated use of anti-personnel mines and the recent report of the transfer of anti-personnel mines to Ukraine. It called on all states to fulfil their obligations under international law, including the obligations under the Ottawa Convention.

Finally, Switzerland called on Russia to immediately cease hostilities and withdraw its troops from Ukraine. As an elected member of the UN Security Council, Switzerland reaffirmed its support for the search for a just and lasting peace in Ukraine based on international law and the UN Charter. An end to the violence as well as a peaceful solution are urgently needed to prevent further suffering in Ukraine. 

Statement by Switzerland on the current situation in Ukraine, UN Security Council, 27 November 2024

The UN Security Council today discussed Resolution 2730, initiated by Switzerland, which was adopted on 24 May 2020. The resolution obliges UN member states to strengthen the protection of humanitarian and UN personnel. In view of the increasing violence against those providing assistance to millions of people worldwide, Switzerland emphasised in its statement that consistent implementation of the measures adopted in this resolution is important for the protection of civilians.

The briefing focused on the recommendations of the UN Secretary-General on how attacks on humanitarian and UN personnel can be better prevented and their protection strengthened. The Security Council had given the Secretary-General the mandate to develop these recommendations when it adopted Resolution 2730. The recommendations offer specific ways of improving the implementation of the resolution and international humanitarian law. In New York, Switzerland supported these recommendations and stressed the central role of international law, which is intended to ensure the protection of humanitarian personnel and accountability for violations. Among other things, it called on states to adapt national regulations to facilitate humanitarian work, reduce bureaucratic obstacles and introduce legal exemptions for humanitarian operations.

Switzerland also emphasised the responsibility to take targeted action against disinformation that undermines trust in humanitarian organisations. It is essential to provide factual information about the important work of humanitarian personnel and to ensure support for people in need.

Switzerland called on Security Council members to set aside political differences and put the protection of human life at the centre of their decisions. Resolution 2730 was co-sponsored by 98 states when it was adopted by the Security Council last May. Switzerland will continue its efforts to protect the lives of those who assist millions of people in need worldwide. In addition, in the run-up to the meeting, more than 100 states and the European Union reiterated their support for this resolution in a joint media stakeout.

Joint Press Stakeout

Switzerland's statement on the protection of humanitarian and UN personnel, UN Security Council, 26 November 2020

During a media stakeout at the UN headquarters in New York, Switzerland, as a member of the Security Council, called together with representatives of humanitarian organisations and more than 100 UN member states for compliance with international humanitarian law and the protection of the civilian population. Switzerland presented chairs, each with a letter of the message ‘War has limits’. These chairs, presented by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis during a visit by members of the Security Council to Geneva last August, symbolise the international community's responsibility to the Geneva Conventions and the millions of civilians they have saved over the last 75 years. These chairs will be presented to the members of the Security Council in the coming days.

The message ‘War has limits’ on the chairs indicates that compliance with international humanitarian law must be made a political priority. The symbolic handover of the chairs to the UN Security Council reminds us that no state can bear this responsibility alone. Cooperation is the key to ensuring the effectiveness of the Geneva Conventions and preserving humanity even in the darkest of times.

War has limits

The Geneva Conventions set clear limits: wars must not be waged in defiance of humanity. With Resolution 2730, drafted by Switzerland and adopted by the Security Council in May 2024, a significant step was taken to enforce these rules. It reaffirms the protection of humanitarian and UN personnel, who in turn need security in order to provide assistance. International commitment is needed to improve the protection of civilians, to hold to account those responsible for violations, and to reaffirm the common commitment to alleviate human suffering.

The 75th year of the Geneva Conventions in 2024 is more than a commemoration – it is a call to the international community to recommit to the rules that protect lives. War has limits, and upholding those limits is a shared duty.

A draft resolution for a ceasefire in Gaza was vetoed today by a permanent member of the UN Security Council. The resolution was negotiated and put to the vote by Switzerland together with the other nine non-permanent members of the Security Council. Among other things, the resolution would have called for:

• an immediate, unconditional and lasting ceasefire as well as the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages
• immediate access for the civilian population in Gaza to basic services and the facilitation of rapid and unimpeded import of large-scale humanitarian aid to and within the Gaza Strip
• full compliance by all parties with international law, including international humanitarian law, in particular for the protection of the civilians.

Switzerland supported the resolution in New York because it reflects the position of the Federal Council on the current situation in the Middle East. By adopting the draft resolution, the Security Council would have shown its grave concern about the ongoing catastrophic situation in Gaza, the lack of adequate health care and the threat of famine in Gaza. In addition, the Council would have deplored all attacks against civilians and all acts of terrorism. Furthermore, the Council members would have reaffirmed their commitment to the vision of a two-state solution, in which two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, coexist in peace within secure and recognised borders.

Switzerland supported the resolution in New York and regretted its failure. In its statement after the vote, it recalled that the obligations of all parties under international law remain unchanged regardless of the adoption or non-adoption of resolutions by the Security Council. "The violence and dehumanisation in this conflict must be brought to an end," Switzerland emphasised.

Switzerland's position following the vote, UN Security Council, 20.11.2024 (en, fr)

Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis attended a United Nations Security Council briefing on the situation in Ukraine on 18 November, organised by the United Kingdom. On behalf of Switzerland, the Swiss foreign minister expressed deep concern about the recent massive attacks on Ukraine's energy infrastructure. These attacks pose a significant threat to the civilian population as winter approaches. In light of the human suffering caused by the ongoing illegal war against Ukraine, the head of the FDFA reiterated in New York Switzerland's call for strict compliance with international law, including international humanitarian law.

Recent developments on the ground underscore the gravity of the situation: reports of foreign military support for Russia – including troops allegedly deployed from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea – indicate an increasingly widespread conflict. This is compounded by the destabilisation of food security and energy supplies, as well as the nuclear threat and risks related to nuclear safety.

“After 1,000 days of war, the guns must fall silent! It is time to find a diplomatic solution,” said Mr. Cassis at the Security Council, urging Russia to end its military aggression against Ukraine. However, building peace requires courage and a united commitment to advance the diplomatic process, engage all parties – including Russia – in dialogue, and consistently advocate for adherence to the UN Charter, the Geneva Conventions, and the principles of humanity.

In June 2024, Switzerland hosted the first high-level discussion on peace at the Conference on Peace in Ukraine, held on the Bürgenstock. Switzerland remains ready to take on further responsibility in dialogue and mediation initiatives to promote peace in Ukraine, in full accordance with international law and the UN Charter. 

Speech by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the situation in Ukraine, UN Security Council, 18.11.2024

During the UK's presidency of the Council, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis participated in a UN Security Council meeting on the ongoing situation in the Middle East. “After more than a year of this appalling conflict, it is high time to decisively abandon the path of violence and dehumanisation,” emphasised the head of the FDFA in New York. Hamas continues to hold hostages, famine looms in the Gaza Strip, and regional tensions are escalating. Survivors in Gaza are suffering from hunger, injuries, and disease, as the health system has been nearly destroyed. At the Security Council, Mr Cassis, on behalf of Switzerland, condemned the hostilities of last weekend, during which Israeli fire destroyed a residential building, causing numerous civilian casualties, including many children. He also condemned Hamas's ongoing rocket attacks on Israel.

“Immediate action is needed by all actors involved in the conflict to protect civilians,” said Mr. Cassis. A ceasefire in Gaza and Lebanon, the immediate and unconditional release of hostages, and the rapid, unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid are urgently required. International law, including the UN Charter and international humanitarian law, must be respected by all parties without exception.

The adoption by the Knesset on 28 October 2024 of two laws concerning UNRWA, which are largely incompatible with international law and threaten humanitarian aid in Gaza, was also addressed. In this context, Switzerland reminded Israel at the Security Council of its obligations under international law as an occupying power to ensure that the basic needs of the population in the occupied Palestinian territory are met.

A new dynamic is essential to rediscover a shared sense of humanity and to work toward peace in accordance with international law and the UN Charter. “We know the political solution: It is the two-state solution that offers Israelis and Palestinians the prospect of living in peace and security,” said Cassis. The head of the FDFA expressed Switzerland's support for the efforts of the 94 states (including Switzerland) and organisations that convened in Riyadh at the end of October for the Global Alliance Conference on the Implementation of the Two-State Solution. Concrete proposals are needed to strengthen and reform the Palestinian Authority through legal, political, and economic measures. Switzerland will also participate in the Alliance's follow-up conference in Brussels on 28 November.

The head of the FDFA further stressed that investing in young people is crucial for achieving lasting peace in the Middle East: “I firmly believe that the younger generations are capable of pursuing the path of reconciliation and combating hatred and extremism. It is to these young people that we must be accountable for our actions.”

Speech by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 18.11.2024

The UN Security Council today unanimously renewed the mandate of the UN peacekeeping mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA). Despite several peace agreements, armed conflict continues in the country, regularly resulting in deaths and injuries, including among the civilian population. More than three million people are in need of humanitarian aid. The protection of the civilian population is one of the main concerns of MINUSCA, which is helping to stabilise the situation on the ground and to advance peace efforts in the country.

Switzerland is committed to sustainable peace and the protection of civilians in the UN Security Council and as part of its foreign policy, and supported the renewal of MINUSCA's mandate in New York. Further stabilising the country and strengthening national and local institutions are key to consolidating peace in the Central African Republic, where parts of the population are still affected by daily violence. Switzerland sees opportunities to address the uncertainties in the Central African Republic, particularly in inclusive political processes that take into account the rights of women, as well as compliance with international humanitarian law and human rights.

Since 2022, Switzerland has been one of the very few countries to be represented in the capital Bangui with a humanitarian office and has close and high-level exchanges with the government, MINUSCA and other partners. The engagement focuses particularly on the protection of the civilian population, respect for human rights and international humanitarian law, the fight against impunity and the strengthening of democracy. Together with MINUSCA and other actors, Switzerland is thus supporting the Central African Republic on its way to a more stable and secure future.

Switzerland, together with Guyana, has requested an emergency meeting on the humanitarian situation in Gaza in its role as ‘Co-Focal Point for Conflict and Hunger’. Switzerland is deeply concerned about the latest report of the ‘Integrated Food Security Phase Classification’ (IPC), which warns of an imminent famine in the Gaza Strip. According to the IPC, the probability of the worst-case scenario of famine in the Gaza Strip, particularly in the north, is increasing. Under international humanitarian law, all parties to the conflict are obliged to ensure rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access to all civilians in need. As the occupying power, Israel must also ensure, within its means, that the basic needs of the population in the Gaza Strip are met. At the Security Council, Switzerland recalled that the use of starvation as a method of warfare is prohibited by international humanitarian law and constitutes a war crime for which those responsible must be held accountable.

In view of the current situation in the Middle East, a ceasefire is essential. Switzerland also calls for the immediate and unconditional release of hostages. It is constructively engaged in ongoing negotiations for a potential new resolution on the situation in the Gaza Strip.

In New York, Switzerland once again urged all parties to comply with international humanitarian law under all circumstances and to take immediate action to protect the civilian population. It also reiterated that humanitarian personnel must be protected and must not be targeted. In this context, Switzerland stressed to the Security Council the importance of local staff of humanitarian organizations in the Middle East and the central role of UNRWA in providing basic services.

In conclusion, Switzerland called on Council members to take action to end human suffering and restore a political horizon for peace in the Middle East.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 12.11.2024

The UN Security Council addressed the situation in Sudan today. Fighting and violence against civilians continue to escalate and humanitarian needs are enormous. “Attacks on civilians must stop immediately. Protecting them is not a choice, but an obligation”, Switzerland emphasized in New York. It also stated that an immediate cessation of hostilities must be a priority. This is the most effective and only way to strengthen the security and protection of the Sudanese civilian population.

In addition, Switzerland emphasised that international humanitarian law and human rights must be respected by all parties to the conflict under all circumstances. The humanitarian situation also urgently needs to be improved. Thousands of people are starving or being forced to flee. Humanitarian organisations are reaching their limits and urgently require additional financial resources to cope with the situation. In view of this, Switzerland called on all parties to the conflict in the Council to ensure rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access across borders and front lines.

Conflict prevention in the regions of Sudan that are not affected by the fighting is also crucial. In these areas, the civilian population is also suffering from the effects of the conflict. These include food insecurity, the massive influx of internally displaced persons and scarcity of resources.

Since the outbreak of the war, Switzerland has already provided substantial support with its good offices for peace in Sudan. For example, it hosted UN talks with the conflicting parties and provided a framework for confidential negotiations in Switzerland between a wide range of Sudanese political players. Switzerland is also working to end the war through its special envoy for the Horn of Africa.

In New York, Switzerland called for diplomatic efforts to be stepped up to find a solution to the conflict by means of an inclusive political process. The Security Council also has an obligation to act. In this context, Switzerland is constructively committed to the adoption of a resolution to protect the civilian population in Sudan.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Sudan, UN Security Council, 12.11.2024

The UN Security Council today unanimously approved the creation of a transition mission for Somalia (UN Transitional Assistance Mission in Somalia, UNTMIS). This decision was based on a proposal by the Somali government. UNTMIS will replace its predecessor, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), on 1 January 2025. The objectives of UNTMIS include supporting Somalia in the area of state-building and promoting human rights, as well as the gradual transfer of individual tasks to the Somali government and international actors on the ground. 

Switzerland supported the resolution in New York, addressing Somalia’s complex and ongoing internal security challenges. Central to these issues is the persistent threat posed by the armed group Al-Shabaab, which continues to carry out deadly attacks and destabilize the country despite efforts by the Somali government and international partners. Climate change also impacts the security situation, with the escalation in fighting against Al-Shabaab coinciding with the effects of a prolonged drought, worsening an already precarious humanitarian situation. At the same time, Somalia is undergoing a transition, and the newly adopted resolution supports the continued transfer of responsibilities from the UN to the Somali government, including child protection initiatives.

During negotiations on the UNTMIS resolution, Switzerland actively advocated for prioritizing civilian protection and adherence to international humanitarian law in the Security Council’s mandate, given the ongoing conflict with Al-Shabaab. Switzerland regrets that the resolution does not explicitly address climate change’s adverse effects on Somalia’s humanitarian crisis or the necessity of involving women in peace processes. Nonetheless, this resolution marks an important milestone in further defining Somalia’s transition process. Throughout the negotiation process, Switzerland emphasized that addressing Somalia's challenges requires a holistic, preventative approach beyond military solutions.

On 29 October 2024, under the leadership of Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis, the UN Security Council addressed the current situation in the Middle East. Since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on 7 October 2023, violence has escalated in Israel, the Gaza Strip, the West Bank and East Jerusalem and has now spread to the entire region. Hamas is still holding 97 hostages, hostilities in Gaza continue, countless civilians have been killed and the humanitarian situation of the inhabitants of the Gaza Strip is catastrophic.

Words are no longer enough

The resolutions that the UN Security Council has since adopted with Switzerland's support call for the immediate and unconditional release of the hostages, a ceasefire in Gaza, compliance with international law, the protection of the civilian population and unhindered access for humanitarian aid. ‘None of these resolutions has been implemented. The Geneva Conventions, like international law, are regularly violated by all actors, state and non-state,’ the head of the FDFA emphasised in New York. Appeals to the parties to a conflict to implement Security Council resolutions lose their meaning when all parties fail to fulfil their responsibilities.

Responsibility to protect civilians

In view of this, states must take responsibility for greater humanity in war, a responsibility incumbent on them as signatories to the Geneva Conventions. ‘We need a strong commitment from all the High Contracting Parties,’ Mr Cassis told the Council. In this context, Switzerland, as depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, is preparing to organise a conference of high contracting parties on the implementation of the Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in the occupied Palestinian territories, including East Jerusalem, in Geneva.

The laws adopted yesterday in the Knesset that are aimed at preventing the presence of UNRWA in Israel and its activities in the occupied Palestinian territory are not only largely incompatible with international law, but also threaten the humanitarian aid for the civilian population, which is suffering greatly. Aid that has been provided through UNRWA to date. Switzerland expects Israel to fulfil its obligations under international law, including the UN Charter and international humanitarian law.

A ceasefire and a two-state solution

Humanitarian aid is crucial for civilians in need, but it does not provide a lasting solution to this conflict. ‘It is time to find a way out of this conflict,’ emphasised the Swiss foreign minister. Peace must be achieved through political means. In concrete terms, a short-, medium- and long-term ceasefire agreement can help. Furthermore, Switzerland remains convinced that a negotiated two-state solution is possible to enable the Israeli and Palestinian people to live in peace and security. In this context, Switzerland supports any initiative in this direction. These include the mediation efforts of the United States, Qatar and Egypt for the release of the hostages and a ceasefire in Gaza, as well as the launch of the ‘International Alliance for the Implementation of the Two-State Solution’, which will take place in the presence of Switzerland in the Saudi Arabian capital Riyadh on 30 October 2024. ‘Switzerland calls on all parties to the conflict to participate in good faith in the negotiations and to fulfil their obligations under international law,’ Mr Cassis told the Security Council.

Speech by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 29 October 2024

The UN Security Council convened today in an emergency session on the Middle East, called by Iran. Switzerland condemns the dangerous escalation of violence in the Middle East of which Israel's air strikes on Iran from Friday night into Saturday as well as Iran's firing of ballistic missiles into Israel earlier this month are part. Switzerland stressed that all hostilities in the region must cease immediately: "A regional war will not benefit any party and will endanger countless lives," it stated in New York.

In light of this, Switzerland called on all Council members to act within the limits of international law and to uphold international humanitarian law under all circumstances. It also urged the full implementation of Security Council resolutions on the Middle East, including those mandating an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, the unconditional release of hostages, and safe, unhindered access for humanitarian aid. Switzerland further called for a ceasefire in Lebanon and the implementation of Resolution 1701.

In closing, Switzerland emphasized the urgent need to break the cycle of violence in the Middle East and avert a regional war, urging all parties to de-escalate and engage in dialogue. Switzerland supports all diplomatic efforts to immediately end the violence across the region.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 28.10.2024

Switzerland, together with Diplo Foundation, has developed a pilot project to use artificial intelligence to make UN Security Council meetings more accessible. As of today, AI-powered reports – including a chatbot – on ten selected meetings are online. This includes the open debate on women, peace and security on October 24.

Explore the AI-powered reports

In 2023 alone, the UN Security Council (UNSC) met for approximately 600 hours. There is a wealth of information contained in its meetings, but it is difficult to make use of it: While public meetings are streamed live on UN Web TV, it can take several weeks for official UN meeting records to be released. The transcripts are also delivered in long PDF files, making content analysis time-consuming.

Artificial intelligence has great potential to unlock UNSC meetings as a source of information, especially for actors with limited resources. For this reason, Switzerland has partnered with Diplo Foundation, a non-profit organization (NPO) established by Switzerland and Malta, to train its AI solution, DiploGTP, on UNSC meetings and issues. This project is in line with Switzerland's priority as an elected member to enhance the Council's effectiveness – and with its longstanding efforts for a transparent Council, which go well beyond the current mandate.

AI-powered reports on 10 selected UNSC meetings

The scope of the pilot project was limited to ten UNSC meetings. Eligible meetings were signature events of the rotating presidencies of the UNSC that discussed, implicitly or explicitly, aspects from A New Agenda for Peace.

Each of the ten reports contains a Q&A based on “A New Agenda for Peace”, a knowledge graph, a report per speaker, a report by key themes, and an automated transcript of the livestreamed meeting. In addition, there is an overall report sourcing content from all ten debates. This overall report includes a chatbot, a Q&A, and statistics on speech length and more. 

AI solution “DiploGPT”

The AI solution used in the project is called DiploGPT and is developed by Diplo Foundation. DiploGPT combines state-of-the-art speech-to-text, information retrieval, and text generation, – both proprietary and open-sourced – to create specialized tools for diplomatic use cases.

While DiploGPT has already been used to report on several hundred multilateral meetings, it is largely specialized on topics from cyber and tech diplomacy. The UN Security Council is relatively new terrain for the tool. For this reason, Switzerland and Diplo Foundation worked together to train DiploGPT. The training material included the official transcripts of roughly 20 UNSC meetings as well as the New Agenda for Peace, which served as the framework for the AI-powered reporting.  

The UN Security Council, under the chairmanship of the President of the Swiss Confederation, Viola Amherd, addressed the theme of ‘Women, Peace, and Security’ (WPS) in today’s session. This annual open debate, held every October, provides a platform to advance this crucial issue. During its second presidency of the Security Council, Switzerland seized the opportunity to highlight the critical role of women’s increased participation in peacebuilding and mediation. 'Promoting sustainable peace' is one of Switzerland’s key priorities for its term on the UN Security Council in 2023–24.

In her speech, the President underscored the importance of involving women in peace processes from the very beginning. Equal participation is essential for the success of peace agreements. Research shows that peace accords in which women play a significant role are 30% more likely to last at least 15 years.

Despite these findings, the President emphasised, progress in the participation of women in peace processes has stagnated. Violence against women and girls has increased worldwide, particularly in the digital space, where women are increasingly exposed to attacks, intimidation and harassment. This situation is alarming. Ms Amherd also expressed concern that international instruments and agreements, such as Resolution 1325, which emphasises the right of women to fully participate in peace processes, are still not being adequately implemented. Women are still only marginally considered in many negotiations and often have no voice in crucial talks. She emphasised that it is crucial not to see women only in advisory or supportive roles, but to ensure that they have an equal place at the negotiating table.

Another key topic for the President of the Swiss Confederation was the protection of women who are politically active. Women who work publicly for peace and equality often face considerable risks. The threats and attacks they suffer, both online and offline, hinder their work and must be urgently stopped through better protection and stronger legal measures. Amherd called on the international community to show more political resolve in advancing gender equality for women in peace processes.

Speech by President Viola Amherd on women, peace and security, UN Security Council, 24 October 2024

The UN Security Council has agreed for the first time on a Presidential Statement (PRST) addressing the impact of scientific developments on international peace and security. This followed the UN Security Council meeting in New York on 21 October 2024, chaired by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis. The PRST, presented by Switzerland, was negotiated among the Council members.

With the adoption of the PRST, the Security Council reaffirms its responsibility to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the UN Charter, while emphasizing that scientific developments play an important role in fulfilling this responsibility and in strengthening mutual trust and cooperation. The Council also underscores in the PRST that groundbreaking scientific advancements and their applications must align with international law and the principles of the UN Charter. Furthermore, the Security Council reaffirms its commitment to anticipating and more systematically incorporating science into its work, given the opportunities and risks these developments may present for international peace and security.

During its term on the UN Security Council, Switzerland succeeded in placing the consideration and anticipation of the consequences of scientific developments on international peace and security on the agenda. With the adoption of the Presidential Statement, Switzerland has made a significant contribution to its priority of ‘promoting sustainable peace.’ 

Swiss presidential statement by the UN Security Council on the impact of scientific developments on peace and security

Opportunities and Risks of New Technologies for Peace and Security

Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis chaired a meeting of the UN Security Council today on the opportunities and risks that science and new technologies pose for global peace and security. As president of the Council in October 2024, Switzerland introduced this topic into the Council’s discussions. The rapid advances in science are having a profound impact on every aspect of our daily lives, including peace and security. 

‘What was science fiction ten or fifteen years ago is now becoming our new reality,’ the Swiss foreign minister said in New York. He used the example of neurotechnology to illustrate what this could mean for warfare. Neurotechnology could soon increase soldiers’ precision, stamina, and pain tolerance. The combined use of artificial intelligence and neurotechnology will enable rapid decision-making, including in the conduct of war. The UN Charter, international humanitarian law, and the principles of humanity must be upheld in the face of these risks.

In this context, maintaining international peace and security – the core task of the Security Council under the UN Charter – is more urgent and complex than ever. The Council must therefore act with foresight. ‘We must prepare to meet the future challenges of science. The future is here and now,’ emphasised Mr. Cassis. The Security Council should closely examine the consequences of groundbreaking scientific developments and new technologies, drawing on the expertise of specialists, including the Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator (GESDA) foundation, established by Switzerland in 2019. 

‘The Security Council has a duty to invest in anticipation,’ stressed the head of the FDFA, recommending that the UN Secretary-General regularly inform the Council about scientific advances and their potential consequences for peace. Switzerland offers to continue supporting the exchange of knowledge between the Security Council and scientific actors, particularly those based in International Geneva.

With this Council meeting – the first flagship event of its second term – Switzerland highlighted its priority of promoting ‘sustainable peace.’ During Switzerland’s first term as president of the Council in May 2023, Federal Councillor Cassis emphasised in New York that building mutual trust is essential for peace and security, with science playing a crucial role.

Statement by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the opportunities and risks of new technologies for international peace and security, UN Security Council, 21 October 2024

‘We need an immediate ceasefire in Gaza,’ Switzerland emphasised today at an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council. On the occasion of World Food Day on 16 October, Switzerland recalled in New York that the famine in Gaza threatens the lives of hundreds of thousands of people, especially children. It emphasised that the use of starvation as a method of warfare constitutes a war crime. The people in the Gaza Strip are facing a catastrophic humanitarian situation: schools that have become places of refuge and hospital complexes are being bombed. The almost complete lack of humanitarian aid is also exposing the civilian population to epidemics. These include polio. The humanitarian situation of the hostages still being held by Hamas is also catastrophic.

In this context, Switzerland calls on all parties – including Hamas and other armed groups in the Gaza Strip – to strictly comply with international humanitarian law. Hamas' violations of international law do not suspend Israel's duty to respect international humanitarian law. This includes Israel's urgent need to take effective measures to provide the civilian population in Gaza with basic services and humanitarian aid, as required by the International Court of Justice. This requires Israel to work closely with humanitarian agencies of the United Nations, including WHO, UNICEF and UNRWA, to ensure that they have rapid, safe and unimpeded humanitarian access to carry out their work, including the second phase of the polio vaccination campaign.

At the Security Council, Switzerland reiterated its call for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages and reaffirmed its condemnation of the terrorist acts carried out by Hamas on 7 October 2023.

In the face of the massive escalation of violence in the occupied Palestinian territory and the region, compliance with international humanitarian law and the implementation of Security Council resolutions are indispensable steps on the road to de-escalation and peace. Switzerland therefore supports all efforts towards a negotiated two-state solution, with Israel and Palestine existing within secure and recognised borders.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Gaza, UN Security Council, 16 October 2024

On 15 October, the Security Council held a briefing and consultations on the current situation in Colombia under Swiss presidency. In the presence of several representatives of the Colombian government – Foreign Minister Luis Gilberto Murillo and Interior Minister Juan Fernando Cristo – Switzerland reaffirmed its full support for the comprehensive implementation of the 2016 final peace agreement.

As part of its long-standing peace policy in Colombia, Switzerland is acting as a guarantor state in the peace negotiations between the Colombian government and the Estado Mayor Central de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (EMC FARC-EP), a splinter group of the former FARC-EP. It is also a co-sponsoring state in the negotiations between the government and the Ejército de Liberación Nacional (ELN).

In this sense, Colombia is a priority context during Switzerland's mandate on the Security Council. In February 2024, it co-led a visit to Colombia by the 15 Council members, together with Guyana and the United Kingdom, to see for themselves the reality in the country and the peace policy of the current government, including the state of implementation of the peace agreement, and to jointly support the establishment of a lasting peace.

At this meeting, Switzerland welcomed the new momentum given to the implementation of the final peace agreement. It recognised the progress made in the negotiations between the government and the EMC FARC-EP, as well as the progress in negotiations with other armed groups. It also called for the effective resumption of negotiations between the government and the ELN and the renewal of the ceasefire. To ensure the coherence of the peace process, Switzerland called for better coordination between the various peace efforts.

As the mandate of the verification mission in Colombia is to be extended at the end of October, Switzerland used today's Security Council meeting to reiterate its priorities. These include the good offices of the Special Envoy to support the ongoing political peace negotiations and the preservation of the existing capacities of the mission.

Participation of women in the sustainable peace process

On the sidelines of the meeting, Switzerland organised a joint statement by the signatory states of the Joint Commitments on Women, Peace and Security. This initiative highlighted in particular the influence of women in peace-building efforts in Colombia and elsewhere. Despite numerous obstacles to their participation – including ongoing threats to their safety and that of their families – Colombian women have consistently shown an unwavering commitment to the peace process. During its two years on the Security Council, Switzerland advocated for their participation in the decision-making process, as provided for in the Colombian peace agreement.

Switzerland's statement at the UN Security Council, 15 October 2024

Article: Colombia and the UN Security Council: towards a lasting peace

“Deepfake and You”: this is the exhibition that Switzerland, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL) and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) opened today at the UN Headquarters in New York.

The exhibition aims at raising awareness of the risks of image manipulation. Visitors walk through an interactive maze and experience first-hand – or rather, face to face – how easy it is to manipulate images today: with artificial intelligence, completely fake but deceptively genuine videos, known as deepfakes, can be created in minutes. These can be misused, including in conflict settings, for example to incite violence and undermine peace efforts. A fake video could show a politician reporting on alleged atrocities by a particular population group; a well-known peace activist suddenly spreading hate speech; or an officer promising the population ceasefires that never materialize.

Women are particularly at risk. Fake defamation videos, especially of a sexual nature, are widespread and have real consequences for the women affected. These range from damage to mental health, exclusion from public life and forced career interruptions to physical attacks. This also creates another obstacle for women's participation in peace processes.

However, “Deepfake and You” not only aims at raising awareness of the risks, but also to show ways forward. “The exhibition serves as both a warning and a call to action. It should open our eyes on how easily truth and facts can be twisted, but also show that solutions are within reach,” emphasized Ambassador Pascale Baeriswyl, Switzerland's Permanent Representative to the UN, at the opening. Armandeep Singh Gill, the UN Secretary-General's Envoy for Technology, Martin Vetterli, the President of the EPFL, and Laetitia Courtois, the ICRC's Permanent Observer to the UN, also addressed the audience of around 50 people.

“Deepfake and You” is held in October as part of Switzerland's presidency of the UN Security Council. It is in line with Switzerland's commitment to protecting civilians in conflicts, to strengthening the role of women in peace and security, and to ensuring that science and technology serve, rather than harm, peace efforts. The exhibition will be on display at UN Headquarters Delegates Entrance from 14 to 25 October. A UN badge is required to access the exhibition.

The UN Security Council will meet today in closed consultations to discuss the current situation in Lebanon and the recent attacks on UNIFIL troops. At the request of France, Switzerland, in its role as President of the Council, has scheduled the meeting. Switzerland is alarmed by the escalation of the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel. It calls for an immediate ceasefire and strict compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties.

In view of the recent attacks by the Israeli armed forces on UNIFIL facilities, Switzerland fully emphasises its support for UNIFIL and its mandate. The peacekeeping mission's task is to monitor the implementation of Resolution 1701 of 2006, which calls for a full cessation of hostilities by Hezbollah and Israel. Lebanon and Israel are responsible for implementing the resolution.

Switzerland condemns all attacks against UNIFIL forces. It calls on the Israeli army to cease attacks against UNIFIL installations and emphasises that Hezbollah is equally obliged to refrain from any action that endangers the security of UNIFIL. In view of its mandate for UNIFIL, the Security Council must assume responsibility for the security of the troops.

At the request of France, the UN Security Council today held an emergency meeting to discuss the situation in Lebanon. In New York, Switzerland expressed its grave concern over the escalation of the conflict between Hezbollah and Israel. Switzerland condemns the attacks by Hezbollah against Israel and its people, as well as all other violations of international law for which this group is responsible. It also condemns all violations of international law by Israel in Lebanon, in particular the air strikes that have caused numerous civilian casualties. In view of this, Switzerland called on all parties to agree to an immediate ceasefire.

‘There is no military solution to this conflict,’ Switzerland stated in the Council. Further escalation fuels hatred on both sides and hinders the search for a peaceful solution. In this context, Switzerland supports all efforts to achieve a diplomatic solution.

The situation for the civilian population in Lebanon continues to deteriorate. The Lebanese healthcare system is on the verge of collapse and more than 600,000 people have already been internally displaced. In New York, Switzerland reiterated that attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure constitute violations of international humanitarian law and war crimes. It called on all parties to comply with international humanitarian law under all circumstances. In order to alleviate the suffering of the people affected, the Federal Council announced on 9 October 2024 its intention to provide additional humanitarian aid of CHF 7 million for the affected population. These funds still have to be approved by the Swiss Foreign Policy Commissions of the National Council and the Council of States.

In conclusion, Switzerland called on all parties to exercise restraint, to strictly adhere to international law and to work urgently towards a de-escalation in Lebanon and the entire region.

Switzerland calls on all parties to guarantee the security of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) troops. It reiterated that UN personnel – as well as humanitarian personnel – must be respected and protected by all parties to the conflict, as stated in Resolution 2730, which the Council adopted at the end of May. In this context, Switzerland condemns the recent attacks by Israeli forces on UNIFIL facilities that have caused casualties.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Lebanon, UN Security Council, 10 October 2024

The UN Security Council, under Switzerland’s presidency, held an emergency meeting to address the humanitarian situation in Gaza. One year after 7 October 2023, Switzerland remains deeply concerned about Hamas’ terrorist acts and the hostage-taking in Israel. In New York, Switzerland once again condemned these acts and reiterated its demand for the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages. At the same time, Switzerland condemned Hamas’ indiscriminate rocket fire at Israel, as seen two days ago.

The massive escalation of violence, particularly following the Israeli military operations in response to the 7 October 2023 attacks, has caused untold suffering for Gaza’s civilian population: Over 41,000 people have lost their lives in the Gaza Strip, and 2.2 million people—the entire population—are living in catastrophic conditions, exposed to constant fighting, hunger, and epidemics without protection. Switzerland called on the Council to end the hostilities and violence in the occupied Palestinian territories, including the West Bank, where numerous civilian casualties continue to mount. In this regard, Switzerland reiterated its appeal for all parties to implement an immediate ceasefire and adhere to the four legally binding Security Council resolutions adopted since 7 October 2023.

As the UN prepares for the second phase of its polio vaccination campaign, and beyond, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access must be ensured across all border crossings and throughout Gaza. Hunger in Gaza is spreading, and the humanitarian aid entering the area is far from sufficient. Switzerland emphasized that using hunger as a method of warfare constitutes a war crime. Additionally, humanitarian workers must be protected, as reaffirmed by Resolution 2730, which Switzerland drafted and the UN Security Council adopted last May. Switzerland calls on all parties to strictly respect international humanitarian law and reminded all states of their duty to enforce it, urging them to use their influence to that end.

Switzerland stressed that respect for international law, including international humanitarian law, is the first step toward resolving disputes and is essential to prevent further regional escalation and limit civilian suffering. For lasting peace in the Middle East, a negotiated two-state solution is needed—two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, living side by side in peace within secure and recognized borders. This solution remains the only viable path for Israelis and Palestinians to live together in peace and dignity.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Gaza, UN Security Council, 09.10.2024

The UN Security Council today turned its attention to the Great Lakes region in Central Africa. The conflict in the region, particularly in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), is fuelled by long-standing ethnic tensions, competition for natural resources and the involvement of various armed groups and neighbouring countries. This complex situation has led to decades of ongoing violence, severe humanitarian crises, the displacement of 7.3 million people and regional instability.

In New York, Switzerland expressed its concern at the worsening regional tensions and ongoing violations of international humanitarian law. It called for efforts to find viable political solutions to be stepped up in order to create the basis for lasting peace in the region. Switzerland welcomed the ceasefire signed by the DRC and Rwanda and facilitated by Angola on 30 July 2024. This is an important step towards peace and has already led to a decrease in violence. "It is crucial that this agreement is fully respected and that all commitments made are fully implemented," Switzerland emphasised to the Security Council.

The protection of civilians is equally important. The ongoing violence has led to an alarming humanitarian crisis in the Great Lakes region. The effects of this crisis are particularly devastating for women and girls, who are suffering from extreme forms of sexual violence and exploitation. This situation is unacceptable. Switzerland reiterated its appeal to all parties to respect international humanitarian law without exception.

As President of the Council, Switzerland emphasised the need to seize current opportunities to build sustainable peace in the region. To this end, the Security Council must fully assume its role in supporting the states of the region in their search for lasting solutions. Switzerland remains strongly committed to supporting regional initiatives and promoting peace and stability in the region, both bilaterally and multilaterally. The situation in the Great Lakes region and ongoing peace initiatives were also among the topics discussed at today's working meeting between Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis and the Angolan foreign minister in Bern.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in the Great Lakes region, UN Security Council, 08.10.2024

The UN Security Council held its annual briefing with the African Union on cooperation under Swiss leadership. The focus was on aspects of the strategic partnership for addressing challenges to peace and security in Africa.

During the discussion, Switzerland emphasised that cooperation between the UN and the African Union is a central pillar for peace and development in the world and particularly in Africa. However, both organisations must strengthen prevention and early warning systems, as poor governance, political marginalisation, inequality, security challenges, disregard for human rights and climate change can lead to crises and conflicts. In particular, the younger generation must be supported, since around 40 per cent of young people will live in Africa by 2050. ‘By investing in young people, strengthening cooperation between the United Nations and the AU, and tackling common challenges, we can build a more peaceful, just and prosperous continent,’ said the Swiss representative at the briefing.

At an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, Switzerland expressed its concern at developments in the Middle East and the growing risk of a regional war. It condemned the spiral of violence in recent weeks and called on all parties to cease hostilities. ‘Dialogue is the only way to avoid a regional war. Switzerland supports all efforts to find diplomatic solutions that can lead to an immediate halt to the violence throughout the region’, said Switzerland's Permanent Representative, Pascale Baeriswyl.

Switzerland also reminded all parties of their obligations under international law, and more specifically international humanitarian law. The sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries and the relevant Security Council resolutions for the region must also be respected. Finally, Switzerland renewed its support for the commitment and good offices of the UN, in particular UNIFIL (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) and UNSCOL (Office of the United Nations Special Coordinator for Lebanon). Its staff work in an extremely dangerous environment and play an important role in reducing tensions and ensuring liaison between the parties.

Statement by Switzerland, UN Security Council, 02.10.2024

Today, Switzerland has assumed the presidency of the UN Security Council for the second time. During its presidency in October, Switzerland will place its priorities at the centre of the Security Council's work, in particular promoting sustainable peace and protecting civilians –Swiss President Viola Amherd and Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis will be traveling to New York for this purpose.

Press release «Second Swiss presidency of the UN Security Council», 01.10.2024

The United Nations Security Council today approved the renewal of the mandate of the Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti for a further year. The Haitian National Police still do not have sufficient resources to stem the escalation of violence and cope with a serious deterioration in the security situation. This decision once again sends a strong signal of solidarity with the Haitian people, and responds to persistent calls for help in a situation of grave crisis, which is also reflected in an alarming humanitarian situation.

The deployment of the MSS in Haiti was approved by the Security Council on October 2, 2023. This multinational support mission composed of security forces was one of the measures advocated by the UN Secretary-General to restore security to the population of this Caribbean state. Kenya proposed to lead this force.

For Switzerland, the renewal of the MSS mandate is part of an ongoing deployment. The Mission must therefore be coordinated with other international support efforts underway on the ground, in particular the United Nations Office in Haiti (BINUH). Switzerland continues to insist that international law, and in particular human rights, must be respected and be an integral part of this mission, if it is to fulfill its mandate successfully.

Against a backdrop of increasing escalation in Lebanon and on both sides of the Blue Line, the situation in Gaza also remains extremely precarious. The Security Council met today to discuss the situation once again at a high-level meeting. Switzerland reiterated its position and priorities, calling for an immediate ceasefire, the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access, the protection of humanitarian personnel and respect for international law, in particular international humanitarian law.

Statement by Switzerland to the UN Security Council, 27.09.2024

An emergency meeting on Lebanon was convened at the request of France at the UN Security Council on Tuesday evening in New York.

Over the last few days, intense Israeli air strikes on Lebanese territory have caused numerous civilian casualties, including around fifty children. At the same time, indiscriminate rocket fire from Hezbollah has caused injury, damage and constant fear among the Israeli population. Tens of thousands of inhabitants of southern Lebanon and the Bekaa are fleeing, and many displaced persons in Israel are still unable to return home. Against this alarming backdrop, Switzerland condemned the strikes that caused civilian casualties and stressed that dialogue and de-escalation are the only means of bringing this conflict to an end. Switzerland also called on Israel and Hezbollah to put an end to hostilities and on all parties to commit to the implementation of Resolution 1701.

In her statement, Ambassador Baeriswyl also called for full respect for international humanitarian law by all parties – in particular the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution in the conduct of hostilities. Taking all possible precautions to protect civilians and humanitarian and medical personnel is an obligation under international humanitarian law.

A further regional conflagration, for which the civilian population would pay the highest price, must be avoided at all costs. Switzerland therefore supports all efforts to find a diplomatic solution.

Statement by Switzerland to the UN Security Council, 25.09.2024

Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis represented Switzerland at a meeting of the UN Security Council dedicated to the war in Ukraine. In the presence of Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, the Russian representative to the UN in New York and UN Secretary-General António Guterres, the head of the FDFA emphasised that the United Nations Charter, international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions are instruments that have been in place since the Second World War. ‘Nevertheless, we have not managed to silence the weapons,’ he said in New York. So far, the UN Security Council has not lived up to its responsibility: ’After 1,000 days of war, we still have not found a diplomatic solution.’

Making peace takes courage, the head of the FDFA emphasised. Switzerland showed this when it organised the Peace Conference on Ukraine during the war. The conference had helped to alleviate blockades caused by the war. However, continued dialogue would have to be conducted together with Russia.

Mr Cassis emphasised that reconstruction must also be well prepared for lasting peace. In this context, he referred to the conference on humanitarian demining that Switzerland is organising in Lausanne on 17 and 18 October 2024.

Statement by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the situation in Ukraine, UN Security Council, 24 September 2024

The UN Security Council met today in an emergency session in response to the latest developments in Lebanon. In New York, Switzerland expressed its deep concern regarding the explosions of communication devices over the past few days and condemned the fact that these explosions have also claimed civilian lives. Switzerland emphasised the need to clarify the circumstances and responsibilities.

The consequences of the explosions are alarming. On the one hand, they have caused panic and overwhelmed hospitals, particularly impacting the civilian population. On the other hand, the explosions could further jeopardize stability and security in Lebanon and the broader region. In this context, Switzerland called on all parties in the Security Council to exercise the utmost restraint to avoid a major regional escalation. The protection of civilians on both sides of the Blue Line between Israel and Lebanon is imperative, which is why dialogue, de-escalation, and compliance with international humanitarian law and human rights by all parties must be given the highest priority. "Military escalation is not a solution. It would drag the region into the abyss of a regional war," Switzerland emphasized at the Council.

A ceasefire is urgently needed in Gaza, along with the unconditional release of hostages and swift, unimpeded humanitarian access to alleviate the suffering of civilians and prevent further regional escalation. The ongoing negotiations, led by the United States, Qatar, and Egypt, must be continued with urgency to achieve these objectives.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in Lebanon, UN Security Council, 20 September 2024

At today's meeting of the UN Security Council, Switzerland reiterated its support for the International Court of Justice and its advisory opinion of 19 July. The illegality of Israel's occupation of Palestinian territory since 1967 is thus beyond doubt. The occupation must end and a political horizon must be restored.

In New York, Switzerland condemned the Israeli government's announcement that it would expand settlements in Palestinian territory, underlining that this would undermine the two-state solution.

Switzerland is convinced that a negotiated two-state solution in accordance with international law is the only way to achieve lasting peace in the region. Switzerland welcomes the fact that the resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 18 September 2024 recognises the need to restart a process towards a two-state solution. Furthermore, the General Assembly's decision mandates Switzerland, in its role as depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, to organise a conference of high contracting parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention within six months. The conference will address the arrangements that need to be made to implement the Fourth Geneva Convention in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem, and to ensure that it is respected in accordance with the Common Article 1.

In the Security Council, Switzerland also reiterated its grave concern regarding the catastrophic humanitarian situation in Gaza and stated that the successful completion of the first phase of the UN polio vaccination campaign shows that large-scale humanitarian operations in Gaza can be carried out with the necessary political will of the parties to the conflict. However, the successful completion of this first phase is not enough. The parties must respect their obligations under international law and allow safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access to the civilian population. This includes the hostages, whose immediate and unconditional release Switzerland is calling for. Furthermore, an immediate ceasefire is urgently needed. In this context, Switzerland supports the mediation efforts of the United States, Qatar and Egypt to reach an agreement as quickly as possible.

A ceasefire in Gaza is also essential to avoid further escalation in the region. Switzerland expressed its grave concern over the explosions in Lebanon on 17 and 18 September and the reports of numerous civilian casualties. It called on the parties to exercise the utmost restraint and to work for an immediate de-escalation.

Switzerland's statement on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 19 September 2024

Severe storms have hit Yemen hard in recent weeks. The storm not only displaced thousands of people, but also destroyed important infrastructure. These extreme weather events, which are further exacerbated by climate change, are significantly worsening the humanitarian crisis in Yemen. Food and water supplies are particularly affected, further aggravating the already precarious humanitarian situation of the population.

At a meeting of the UN Security Council, Switzerland emphasised areas for action to support the Yemeni people in this difficult situation. In New York, it called on all parties to the conflict to refrain from actions that could further damage the environment. This applies in particular to attacks on oil tankers in the Red Sea in order to prevent an impending environmental catastrophe.

In addition, humanitarian aid must have access to all regions of the country. It must not be politically instrumentalised. The population has a right to an unhindered supply of vital relief supplies. Humanitarian personnel must be protected, as required by international humanitarian law. Switzerland supports the United Nations' call for the immediate and unconditional release of all arbitrarily detained UN staff and humanitarian aid workers.

Switzerland emphasised that in the long term, a political solution to the conflict is the only way to meet the needs of the Yemeni people in a sustainable manner and to strengthen their resilience to crises. Switzerland calls on all parties to the conflict to maintain the progress made in the peace talks and to continue them under the auspices of the United Nations. Every measure to restore trust between the parties to the conflict must be encouraged.

In conclusion, Switzerland emphasised that stepping up international efforts is crucial to stabilising the situation in Yemen.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in Yemen, UN Security Council, 12.09.2024

During an open debate at the UN Security Council, Switzerland reaffirmed its close cooperation with international organisations and its strong commitment to UN peacekeeping. In particular, Switzerland thanked the peacekeepers who carry out important work every day in difficult and often dangerous situations. The many lives saved reflect the success of their work.

In New York, Switzerland emphasised that the adoption of Resolution 2719 in December 2023 marked an important milestone in strengthening cooperation between the UN and the African Union (AU). The resolution is an important step towards improving peace operations in Africa.

To further strengthen peacekeeping, Switzerland stressed that peacekeeping operations must always be adapted to local realities. They should not be seen in isolation from the historical, cultural and social context in which they operate. The participation of women, in particular, is crucial to increase the chances of a sustainable peace solution. In addition, the impact of climate change and resource scarcity must be systematically taken into account in the planning of peace missions.

In New York, Switzerland emphasised that there is no universal solution for peace missions. Instead, flexible mission models should be developed that are in line with the specific requirements of the respective conflict areas. Cooperation with regional organisations such as the AU plays a central role in such efforts. Innovation, for example through the use of new technologies, is also important for success.

UN peacekeeping is a collective effort. Co-operation, trust and transparency between the UN Security Council, the UN General Secretariat, troop-contributing countries and host countries are essential for success. Unity among the members of the Security Council is particularly important for the acceptance and effectiveness of UN missions, and thus for the safety of the blue helmets.

Peacekeeping operations are an expression of solidarity between States and have proven their worth over the past 75 years. Switzerland underlined that UN peacekeeping must remain a priority in order to continue to protect lives and thus remain relevant. During the debate, Switzerland reaffirmed that it will continue to actively support UN peacekeeping operations in terms of personnel, funding and conceptual support.

Statement by Switzerland on UN peacekeeping, UN Security Council, 09.09.2024 (en, fr)

At an emergency meeting following the execution of six hostages by Hamas last weekend, Switzerland expressed its deep shock at this act in the UN Security Council. It once again condemned in the strongest terms the acts of terrorism and hostage-taking by Hamas and other armed groups since 7 October. The taking of hostages and their execution are war crimes. In New York, Switzerland demanded the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages. In addition, both the hostages and the people held by Israel in connection with the conflict must receive immediate medical assistance.

The humanitarian situation in Gaza remains catastrophic. Switzerland recalled that civilians and civilian infrastructure are protected and condemned all attacks on any civilians. Humanitarian personnel must be protected in order to help the suffering civilian population, in particular for the continued implementation of the UN immunisation campaign to protect 640,000 children in Gaza from polio. On the Council, Switzerland welcomed the fact that the first phase of the immunisation campaign is proceeding without major incidents and called on the parties to continue to facilitate this campaign. 

Switzerland emphasised once again that a ceasefire in Gaza is crucial. Against this backdrop, it supports the mediation efforts of the USA, Qatar and Egypt to reach a consensus on a corresponding agreement. This would also contribute to regional de-escalation. 

Compliance with international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law, by all parties is urgently needed. This also applies to the West Bank, where an increase in violence can be observed, including settler violence and in the context of operations by the Israeli security forces. Switzerland emphasised in the Security Council that Israel must take particular account of the criteria of necessity and proportionality in the use of force and respect the rights to life and security of every individual. In New York, Switzerland also recalled that Israel, as the occupying power, is responsible for maintaining law and order in the West Bank and must ensure the protection and well-being of the population.

Compliance with international law by all parties is the first step on the road to peace in the Middle East, which must lead to a negotiated two-state solution.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 04.09.2024

While the humanitarian situation for the civilian population in Gaza is deteriorating daily, the precarious security situation does not allow humanitarian personnel and UN staff to do their work. For this reason, the UN Security Council met today in an emergency session, which was requested by Switzerland together with the United Kingdom.

Against the background of an imminent polio epidemic in the Gaza Strip, some 640,000 children under the age of ten are to be immunized. In order to carry out this immunization campaign, the UN and its partners require safe and unimpeded humanitarian access throughout Gaza. This is not currently guaranteed, and the current conditions of insecurity, ongoing fighting and evacuation orders are making UN operations extremely difficult. It is imperative that the vaccination campaign be carried out in complete safety for humanitarian workers and the civilian population," Switzerland emphasized at the emergency meeting. Switzerland is supporting the polio vaccination campaign with CHF 1 million, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis announced last Monday in Geneva.

In New York, Switzerland reiterated the urgency of an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and the release of the hostages. In this context, it also reiterated its support for the mediation by Egypt, Qatar and the US. It also reiterated its call for all parties to respect international humanitarian law and human rights in all circumstances. This also applies to armed groups such as Hamas.

In the Security Council, Switzerland also expressed its deep concern about the situation in the West Bank. “We are witnessing a sharp increase in Israeli operations," Switzerland said. Against this background, it reminded Israel of its obligations under international law. Among other things, the use of force must meet the criteria of necessity and proportionality, and the right to life and security of every individual must be guaranteed.

Finally, Switzerland emphasized that respect for international law and the implementation of Security Council resolutions is also an indispensable prerequisite for de-escalation and a first step towards a lasting peace based on a negotiated two-state solution in which Israel and Palestine live side by side in peace and security within secure and recognized borders.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 29.08.2024

The UN Security Council today unanimously extended the mandate of the UN mission in Lebanon (UNIFIL) for another year. UNIFIL is one of the oldest UN missions still active. It was first mandated by the Security Council in 1978. The situation along the Blue Line is currently unstable. Due to the escalating violence on both sides of the line in recent months, UNIFIL plays an important role in efforts to de-escalate the situation. With the adoption of today's resolution, the Security Council reaffirms its call from 2006 for a complete cessation of hostilities and full respect for the area along the Blue Line.

Switzerland voted in favour of the resolution in New York. The presence of UNIFIL contributes to improving stability in the region. During the negotiations, Switzerland worked to ensure that the protection of the civilian population and compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties are part of the resolution.

Switzerland is extremely concerned about the situation in the Middle East and calls on all parties to the conflict to exercise the utmost restraint and to implement de-escalating measures. Switzerland welcomes all efforts to achieve a diplomatic solution. This includes in particular the ongoing negotiations by the USA, Qatar and Egypt on a ceasefire in Gaza, which could also contribute to de-escalation in the region along the Blue Line.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, 28.08.2024

During their visit to Geneva on 26 August, members of the UN Security Council (UNSC) met with different Geneva-based organizations and actors. They exchanged on ways to enhance the prevention of emerging security risks through new technologies and scientific anticipation. Provided with different examples of geographic contexts, the participating members of the UNSC learned about tools and policy practices that could help support the organ’s mandate to maintain international peace and security.

Emerging risks to international peace and security, such as climate change, require rethinking prevention. To strengthen its role in this regard, it is important for UNSC members to have access to reliable information. Aiming to facilitate this rethinking, Switzerland invited UNSC members to exchange and interact with some scientific and innovative actors in Geneva. After a morning programme dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Geneva conventions, members of the UNSC were welcomed at the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) building, a few steps from the Palais des Nations. After opening remarks by the UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), they had the opportunity to exchange with various Geneva-based actors experienced in data collection and analysis, tools development, technological innovation and anticipation. Indeed, the United Nations Satellite Centre (UNOSAT), the WMO and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) presented concrete and visual examples of their work. The presentations were followed by a panel discussion with the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and UNEP, allowing a deep-dive into relevant geographic contexts affected by conflict.

Article "Innovation, science and technology support efforts for preventing emerging security risks", 26.08.2024

Around 200 people gathered today on the Place des Nations to mark the Geneva Conventions’ 75^th anniversary. Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis reminded the UN Security Council members, representatives of International Geneva, the City and Canton of Geneva, various NGOs and academia of the Geneva Conventions’ essential role. These pillars of international humanitarian law set limits to war and commit all states to respecting their duty of humanity in combat.

Symbolic action

The representatives of the institutions and organisations present then put back in an upright position, chairs created for the occasion by the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs and inspired by the famous "Broken Chair" on the Place des Nations. This symbolic gesture was intended to show that, despite the current challenges, the fundamental rules and principles of the Conventions remain relevant and more topical than ever to protect human dignity and limit suffering at a time when there are more than 120 conflicts in the world. After today's event on the Place des Nations, the chairs will be placed in international locations to ensure that the message of humanity and action they represent continues.

Members of the United Nations Security Council visit Geneva

Before heading to the Place des Nations, the members of the Security Council, who had travelled from New York for the occasion, took part in a panel discussion at the UN's European headquarters, opened by Foreign Minister Ignazio Cassis and Timothy Musa Kabba, his counterpart form Sierra Leone, which holds the Security Council Presidency in August. "Switzerland is determined to make respect for the Geneva Conventions a political priority," said the head of the FDFA in his speech.

The Geneva Conventions and the test of time

Ignazio Cassis also reminded those present at a round table discussion organised at the end of the day at the Maison de la Paix that, 75 years after their adoption, the Geneva Conventions continue to save millions of lives; that the world has no more effective tool for protecting the victims of armed conflicts; and that it is not the rules of international humanitarian law that are inadequate, but the will to respect them that is lacking. Finally, the Federal Councillor reiterated that the protection of civilians and humanitarian personnel in armed conflicts is one of Switzerland's priorities for its mandate on the Security Council and beyond.

Address by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis: 75 years of the Geneva Conventions – A Renewed Commitment to Upholding International Humanitarian Law, 26.08.2024 (fr)

Address by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis at the Place des Nations, 26.08.2024 (fr, en)

The UN Security Council today addressed the situation in the Middle East. The humanitarian situation in Gaza, and in particular the risk of a polio epidemic, was at the centre of discussion after first cases became known and the WHO found traces of polio in sewage. Polio mainly affects children under the age of five. The disease attacks the nervous system and can lead to complete paralysis within a few hours. There is no treatment, prevention is the only solution. The destruction of the infrastructure, the lack of clean water and sanitary facilities and the insufficient access to healthcare increase the risk of the disease spreading on a large scale in Gaza. According to UNICEF figures, 640,000 children under the age of ten are at risk of polio in the Gaza Strip. ‘The United Nations and its partners have been advocating for months for safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access and are ready to take measures to prevent and contain polio,’ emphasised Switzerland in the Security Council. The UN is planning to carry out a polio vaccination campaign in the Gaza Strip. Switzerland stated in the Security Council that it welcomes this campaign and is examining the possibility of providing financial support.

A ceasefire agreement, as called for by the Security Council in its Resolution 2735 of 10 June 2024, must be concluded as soon as possible. Switzerland therefore welcomes the mediation efforts of Qatar, Egypt and the United States and calls on the parties to participate constructively in these negotiations. In New York, Switzerland recalled that regardless of the outcome of these negotiations, international humanitarian law must be respected by all parties to the conflict and all hostages still being held must be released immediately and unconditionally.

In New York, Switzerland also emphasised the continuing risk of a major regional escalation. In this context, it also condemned the ongoing violence by settlers in the West Bank against the Palestinian civilian population. Furthermore, Switzerland reiterated in the Council its urgent call for de-escalation, to which an immediate ceasefire in Gaza can also contribute. Switzerland also reiterated its support for the two-state solution as the foundation for peace in the Middle East.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 22.08.2024

In an open debate under the presidency of Sierra Leone on consolidating and maintaining peace in the UN Security Council, Switzerland emphasised the central importance of preventing conflicts and violence. Preventive measures often do not receive the recognition they deserve, even though they can save countless lives and prevent humanitarian disasters. Preventive measures are still not prioritised enough. Not only do they save countless lives and prevent disasters, they are also more successful and cost-effective than post-conflict reconstruction, as studies demonstrate. In New York, Switzerland welcomed the Council's discussion in the context of the New Agenda for Peace, which calls for the prioritisation of conflict prevention and the development of national prevention strategies.

During the debate, Switzerland emphasised aspects that are central to strengthening the prevention of conflict and violence. The trust of societies in security, state institutions, the justice system and the guarantee of freedom as well as the inclusion of marginalised groups in political decision-making processes has a preventive effect. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted by the international community more than 75 years ago, postulates the right of everyone to participate in society in addition to basic civil and social rights. They must be observed and strengthened in order to promote trust in societies and thus conflict prevention.

Switzerland also pointed out that prevention is not only relevant for countries that are directly threatened by armed conflict. Violence in all its forms is a challenge that affects all states. Switzerland recognises this by delegating numerous competencies to the regional and local level and, for example, promoting civil society initiatives to combat extremism, violence and marginalisation.

Finally, Switzerland called on the Security Council to fully utilise its preventive role by making greater use of its instruments and providing better support to regional missions mandated by the Council in order to identify conflict risks on the ground at an early stage and mitigate them sustainably.

Statement by Switzerland on conflict prevention, UN Security Council, 21.08.2024

The situation in Somalia remains fragile. The country, which was elected to the UN Security Council for the years 2025-2026, faces major challenges in terms of its internal security. At the centre of this is the ongoing threat posed by the armed group Al-Shabaab. Despite the efforts of the Somali government and international partners, Al-Shabaab continues to carry out deadly attacks and destabilise the country. Climate change is also having an impact on the security situation. The escalation of fighting against Al-Shabaab coincides with the effects of a prolonged drought and complicates the precarious humanitarian situation.

In this context, the Security Council is currently discussing the termination of the peacekeeping mission in Somalia (ATMIS) led by the African Union (AU). At the same time, a follow-up mission, the African Union Support and Stabilisation Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM), is being planned. The AU has submitted an operational concept to the UN Security Council, which describes the tasks that AUSSOM is to take over seamlessly after the departure of ATMIS beginning in January 2025.

The aim is to ensure that Somalia can ensure its own security. AUSSOM is to focus in particular on training and equipping the Somali security forces. The Security Council confirmed this fundamental decision in its resolution on 15 August 2024. Switzerland supported this resolution. During the negotiations on this matter, Switzerland emphasised that a purely military approach cannot be a solution to the unstable security situation. It was able to enshrine this approach in the resolution. Another priority is that the AUSSOM mandate should include the protection of the civilian population and respect for international humanitarian law and human rights.

As a member of the Security Council, Switzerland will continue to work to ensure that the transition from ATMIS to AUSSOM can be carried out seamlessly and without a security vacuum that could be exploited by Al-Shabaab. The transition must be carefully planned and will require a collective effort by the international community to prevent a resurgence of military threats and to consolidate the progress made in Somalia over the past decade.

Since its independence in 2011, South Sudan has been the scene of armed conflicts and humanitarian crises. Almost five years ago, a peace agreement ended the war at national level. But this peace is fragile. The many problems that have torn society apart are still present and the deep traumas of past wars remain. Elections are scheduled for January 2025. Switzerland recognises that the holding of elections is a South Sudanese process and in a UN Security Council briefing today encouraged the authorities and parties to intensify their efforts and work constructively and consensually to advance the holding of these elections. ‘Time is short,’ Switzerland told the Council.

Switzerland is active on the ground in the areas of peace policy, development cooperation and humanitarian aid. In the UN Security Council, Switzerland has also supported the extension of the mandate of the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), which plays a critical role in peace and security, on several occasions - most recently on 29 April 2024. At today's Council meeting, Switzerland emphasised its three main priorities.

Firstly, the need to reach a consensus in order to clarify the way forward with regard to the election timetable. Switzerland also emphasised the importance of constructive dialogue between the parties. On the other hand, it is crucial to create a safe and secure environment. This appeal comes at a time when the developments of recent months continue to give cause for concern. Widespread attacks on civilians, particularly in the context of sub-national violence, continue to take place across the country. ‘The parties must respect international humanitarian law and human rights. We welcome the efforts of UNMISS to protect the civilian population and the continued commitment between the mission and the government to respect the Status of Forces Agreement,’ Switzerland said in its statement.

Finally, efforts to meet humanitarian and protection needs must continue. These needs are constantly increasing, which is deeply concerning. The country is characterised by ongoing violence and the impact of the conflict in Sudan. In addition, South Sudan has already been severely affected by floods, which, according to the UN Secretary-General's report, will continue this year and affect millions of people. The combined risks of conflict-fuelled food insecurity, displacement of people and the negative effects of climate change are a difficult challenge for more than half of South Sudan's population. Support is urgently needed. Rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access is crucial to provide assistance to people in need. Humanitarian personnel must also be protected at all costs.

In all these areas, Switzerland reiterated its full support for UNMISS and the Trilateral Task Force, whose continued support along the complex path is crucial for South Sudan. At the end of its statement, it also reaffirmed its strong commitment to the government and people of South Sudan to achieve democratic, legitimate governance and lasting peace.

The UN Security Council met in emergency session following the Israeli strike on the al Tabeen school in Gaza last Saturday. "In Gaza today, schools are often the last resort for finding food, water or shelter. But even these schools, which have become makeshift shelters, often offer no refuge to civilians," Switzerland said in New York.

Switzerland condemns all violations of international humanitarian law. It also condemns the fact that hostilities in Gaza continue to cause numerous civilian casualties, such as the attack on the school last Saturday. According to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, at least 93 people were killed in this attack.

International humanitarian law prohibits – including armed groups such as Hamas – from using civilians to protect a military objective from attack. Even when this rule is violated, this in no way suspends Israel's obligation to comply strictly with international humanitarian law in the conduct of hostilities. This includes the principles of distinction, precaution and proportionality. "75 years ago, yesterday, the Geneva Conventions came into being. By adopting these Conventions, the member states committed themselves to preserving humanity, even in times of war," emphasised Switzerland in the Security Council and underlined that international humanitarian law must be respected by all parties to the conflict in the Middle East.

The humanitarian situation for the civilian population in Gaza remains intolerable: there is a risk of the spread of disease - as demonstrated by the resurgence of polio - and people are starving. Switzerland reminded the Council that the use of starvation as a method of warfare against the civilian population constitutes a war crime. In this context, it reiterated that the statements made by the Israeli Finance Minister last week were unacceptable and called for the immediate unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to the civilian population throughout the Gaza Strip.

Switzerland reiterated its call for the release of all hostages and urged the parties to participate constructively in the ceasefire talks led by the United States, Qatar and Egypt. A ceasefire in Gaza is crucial for regional de-escalation in the face of the threat of a major escalation in the entire Middle East region. Finally, Switzerland reiterated the need to restore a political horizon based on the two-state solution.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 13.08.2024

The UN Security Council today discussed the impact of the withdrawal of a peacekeeping mission on the role of women in peace and security and on women's rights. In New York, Switzerland emphasised how important it is to enable women to participate fully and equally in peace processes. Experience shows that this is crucial to achieving sustainable results.

Gender-specific measures must be taken to ensure that the withdrawal of peacekeeping missions does not jeopardise women's rights and equality. With Resolution 2594, the Security Council already emphasised in 2021 the importance of women's participation and special attention to gender-specific aspects during such transition processes. However, not all available instruments have been utilised optimally to date.

The integration of gender-specific criteria is central to all areas of new and existing UN missions. In this way, national security institutions on the ground can be supported in protecting the civilian population and respecting human rights. Women must be able to participate in decision-making processes for the future of their country, including in connection with the withdrawal of a peacekeeping mission. The main responsibility here lies with local governments, for example through a national action plan to implement the Women, Peace and Security Agenda.

Documentation from past withdrawals of UN missions and the exchange of experiences are crucial to avoid negative impacts on women's rights, empowerment and security in similar scenarios. Examples such as Mali and Sudan show that the dismantling of UN structures can have negative consequences for women's rights on the ground. Transition phases must be planned accordingly in the long term and with sufficient resources.

Finally, Switzerland emphasised that the decisions taken today lay the foundations for future peace efforts. Women and girls must also be given the opportunity to fulfil their active role as architects of peace and their own future during transition phases.

Statement by Switzerland on women, peace and security, UN Security Council, 07.08.2024

During an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council today, Switzerland expressed its grave concern about the recent escalation in the Middle East. "We reject this spiral of violence and emphatically call for a return to diplomacy," said Switzerland in New York. It called on all actors, and those who have influence over them, to exercise the utmost restraint and to choose the path of diplomacy to reduce tensions and seek solutions in accordance with international law. "There is no military solution to this conflict. Dialogue and de-escalation are the only means to avoid plunging into the abyss of a regional war and to find the path to peace again," Switzerland emphasized.

Switzerland demands respect for international law, including the UN Charter. All UN resolutions must be implemented.

Switzerland also called on all parties to the conflict to comply with international humanitarian law and to protect the civilian population. Furthermore, it reiterated its call for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and the release of all hostages, stating that these measures would also help calm the situation in the region. "Negotiations must continue as a matter of urgency," Switzerland emphasized.

Statement by Switzerland on the Situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 31.07.2024

The UN Security Council met today to discuss the humanitarian situation in Gaza, in the presence of UNRWA Deputy Commissioner-General Antonia Marie De Meo. Switzerland expressed its gratitude for the important humanitarian work carried out by the UN, including UNRWA, in a particularly difficult context.

In a situation where men, women and children are living in unacceptable conditions, Switzerland reiterated its call for strict compliance with international humanitarian law and an immediate ceasefire in Gaza - demanded by Security Council resolutions - as well as the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

Switzerland has strongly condemned all violations of international humanitarian law, including indiscriminate attacks and violence against civilians, non-combatants and civilian objects, as well as human rights violations. In addition, humanitarian aid must be able to enter Gaza through all crossing points and be distributed throughout the Strip in a safe, rapid and unhindered manner.

These elements are only the first steps towards a political solution of the conflict, which must be based on the two-state solution, in which two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, live side by side within secure and recognized borders.

Statement by Switzerland, UN Security Council, 26.07.2024

Sustainable and equitable water management is essential to sustaining healthy livelihoods and enhancing food security as well as strengthening the resilience of societies to the effects of climate change. The availability of water resources in Central Asia plays a vital role in the well-being and economic growth of around 75 million people. As the region continues to grow economically, addressing water resource challenges with effective and informed governance will support sustainable development and enhance the prosperity of its people.

In response to the pressing need for a transboundary approach to managing the regions water resources, the Blue Peace Central Asia (BPCA) initiative was launched by Switzerland in 2017. The initiative aims to support countries of the region (Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) in establishing a system of shared benefits for water resource allocation (sanitation and drinking water, irrigation, energy, and environment) that accommodates the interests of upstream and downstream countries. In Tajikistan and Uzbekistan efforts are made to rehabilitate the joint transboundary hydropost and to establish the operational management framework. For Switzerland, the inauguration of the hydropost marks an important step forward in regional collaboration. It confirms the political will for transboundary cooperation between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Additionally, the establishment of a BPCA Dialogue Platform facilitates dialogue among riparian States to jointly and systematically manage the shared large river basins.

The United Nations Regional Centre for Preventive Diplomacy (UNRCCA) also promotes dialogue among Central Asian States on transboundary water management. UNRCCA provides a space for dialogue between the governments of those countries in order to find common solutions. It further keeps regular contacts with international organizations operating in the region to stimulate their peace efforts and cooperates with other UN agencies working in the field of sustainable development and conflict prevention. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of UNRCCA regularly briefs the Security Council on UNRCCA’s work. Such a meeting took place on 23 July where Switzerland shared its experiences in the region.

Switzerland supports efforts on water management in Central Asia as well as initiatives in the area of good governance and sustainable economic development in Kirgizstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan encouraging measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change and supporting regional cooperation. Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis also visited Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan from 1 to 4 July 2024 aiming to bridge economy and cooperation in Central Asia.

More information on Switzerland’s activities in the region: 

How water programmes of the Swiss Development Cooperation Agency contributes to peaceful cooperation, social cohesion and stability (video July 2024)

Ignazio Cassis in Central Asia in July 2024 for talks focusing on economy and international cooperation

Switzerland and Central Asian states: 30 years of cooperation

Blue Peace Central Asia

The Security Council held an emergency meeting in New York on Monday afternoon following the drone attack on Tel Aviv on Friday 19 July, claimed by the Houthis. This attack was followed by a strike in Hodeïda by the Israeli army in response. Switzerland has expressed its deep concern at these recent developments in the region, both in Yemen and in the Middle East. ‘Every attack in the region, including the latest missile strikes against Eilat, brings us closer to an even more serious regional escalation, a risk that we have a responsibility to mitigate’, said the Swiss representative in the Council. He also recalled that all actors in the region must exercise caution and the utmost restraint, and at all times respect international law, including the UN Charter and international humanitarian law.

Switzerland affirms that only political solutions can bring peace and security to the entire region. A ceasefire in Gaza and an end to attacks by armed groups in the region are urgently required. The Security Council resolutions must be implemented immediately. The same applies to Yemen. The measures taken by the Council to promote a resolution of the conflict in Yemen through dialogue, in particular the arms embargo established by Resolution 2216, must therefore be strictly respected.

Statement by Switzerland, Security Council, 22.07.2024

The UN Security Council today held an open debate on the situation in the Middle East. In New York, Switzerland continued to express its alarm at the situation in the entire occupied Palestinian territory and on both sides of the Blue Line between Israel and Lebanon. The civilian population is paying the highest price for the violations of international law committed by all sides and the lack of implementation of the relevant four Security Council resolutions. ‘We must step up our efforts to break the spiral of violence and return to the foundations of humanity that have been trampled on for far too long in this conflict,’ emphasised Switzerland's MENA Special Envoy in New York.

Against this backdrop, an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, as called for in the Security Council resolutions, is essential. In addition, all parties must respect international law, in particular international humanitarian law and human rights. Accordingly, the civilian population and civilian objects such as homes, schools and hospitals must not be attacked. Humanitarian aid must also be able to reach Gaza via all border crossings and be distributed safely, quickly and unhindered throughout the Gaza Strip. Switzerland also called for the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages.

The Swiss special envoy emphasised in the Security Council that international law must also be respected in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem. This also applies with regard to Israel's settlement policy. Accordingly, Switzerland recalled that settlements are illegal under international law and expressed concern about the latest Israeli announcements to build new settlement units, among other things.

Only a political solution can lead to lasting peace. This should be based on the two-state solution, in which two democratic states, Israel and Palestine, exist side by side within secure and recognised borders.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 17 July 2024

Swiss commitment to stability in the Middle East

Switzerland works bilaterally, multilaterally and through its international cooperation to promote peace and stability in the Middle East, including finding a solution to the Middle East conflict. The MENA Strategy 21-24 of the Federal Council is the compass for mitigating the impact of the Syrian crisis and the Middle East conflict on societies in the region. The focus lies on the themes ‘peace, security and human rights’, ‘migration and protection’ and ‘sustainable development’.

Following the conclusion of a trip to Latin America, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis took part in an open debate at the UN Security Council in New York on 16 July on the maintenance of international peace and security. Russia holds the presidency of the Council in July. The head of the FDFA defended the principles of a fairer, more democratic and more sustainable world order. In view of the crisis of multilateralism, he recalled the importance of the United Nations Charter and the Geneva Conventions for the defence of individual and collective freedoms. "Since the adoption of the Charter, we, the peoples of the United Nations, have built brick by brick the foundations of our universal commitments; and together we have sought to create a better world: less poverty, alleviated epidemics, humanitarian aid for those who need it," he told the Security Council.

Even if freedom must be at the centre of the multilateral order, it can only be guaranteed for all if it is protected by rules. Federal Councillor Cassis explained this in New York. Rules of principle and rules of law. These include the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which was adopted over 75 years ago. "These universal norms have made it possible to build a world in which the force of law should ultimately prevail over the law of force."

Anniversary of the Geneva Conventions

In May 2023, the head of the FDFA had already led a debate on the role of trust in diplomacy: a key element for the Security Council to fulfil its mandate. In it, he reaffirmed the need for states to seek dialogue. Switzerland in particular did this by organising the international Summit on Peace in Ukraine at the Bürgenstock in June. "We were far from all in agreement on the paths to peace, but we endeavoured to create a basis of trust for progress," the Federal Councillor assured. He also stated that Switzerland, as the depositary state of the Geneva Conventions, was ready to assume its responsibility for a world order based on humanitarian law, as the Geneva Conventions are celebrating their 75th anniversary this year.

Statement by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis to the UN Security Council, 16.07.2024

The UN Security Council today unanimously extended the mandate of the UN Office in Haiti (BINUH) for a further year. Switzerland supported the mandate renewal in light of the escalation of gang violence and political instability in the country.

BINUH advises the Haitian government on promoting and strengthening political stability. Specifically, the office promotes an inclusive dialogue within the country. The aim is to foster reforms and implement a national strategy to reduce gang violence. BINUH also assists in the organisation of free and fair elections and is committed to strengthening human rights.

With the adoption of today's resolution, the Security Council encourages the international community to undertake additional efforts to enable the deployment of the multinational police mission. On 2 October 2023, the Council authorised the mission to restore the security of the population in the Caribbean state.

At the UN Security Council, Switzerland strongly condemned the recent Russian air strikes in the night of 8 July. The attacks resulted in deaths and injuries throughout Ukraine, and the impact of a missile on the largest paediatric clinic in Kyiv once again made girls and boys victims of Russia's military aggression, which has been ongoing for over two years. According to the UN, nearly 2,000 children have been killed or injured since 24 February. "International law, in particular human rights and humanitarian law, must be strictly respected by all parties, and in this context we call on Russia to comply with it and to protect the civilian population and infrastructure," Switzerland stressed in New York. Hospitals are under special protection according to international humanitarian law.

The people, and especially the children, in Ukraine must return to a safe and normal life. For this to become possible, Russia must stop its military aggression against Ukraine, cease hostilities and withdraw its troops from the entire territory of Ukraine. "The UN Charter obliges us all to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states," Switzerland emphasised in its statement. It remains committed to contributing to a just and lasting peace in Ukraine in accordance with the UN Charter and international law. In this spirit, 100 delegations from all regions of the world met on the Bürgenstock in mid-June to inspire a process for such peace.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in Ukraine, UN Security Council, 09.07.2024

Today, the UN Security Council unanimously extended the mandate of the UN Mission to support the Hudaydah Agreement (UNMHA) in Yemen for another year. On the ground, the mission monitors the ceasefire between the internationally recognised government of Yemen and the Houthis in the ports of Hudaydah, Salif and Ras Issa on the Red Sea. The ceasefire was negotiated in the so-called Hudaydah Agreement between the parties to the conflict in Stockholm in 2019. In view of one of the most serious humanitarian crises of our time, which is taking place in Yemen, security in the port of Hodeidah is crucial for the delivery of humanitarian aid. Switzerland voted in New York for an extension of the mandate.

The dramatic humanitarian situation in Gaza was the focus of a briefing to the UN Security Council today by Under-Secretary-General Sigrid Kaag, who was appointed UN Humanitarian and Reconstruction Coordinator for Gaza by the Council last December.

Switzerland expressed its deep concern about the ongoing conflict in the Middle East, which continues to cause numerous civilian casualties, and about the humanitarian situation in Gaza. According to the latest independent figures, 95 per cent of the population in the Gaza Strip is facing acute food insecurity. The risk of famine will remain as long as the conflict continues and humanitarian aid is obstructed.

The obligations under international humanitarian law and human rights law must be strictly respected by all parties. These oblige the parties to allow humanitarian access to civilians in need and prohibit the use of starvation as a method of war. The civilian population must have access to essential goods and services such as clean water, food and electricity. The aid arriving in Gaza is far from sufficient given the immense needs. “This must change urgently," emphasised Switzerland in its statement to the Security Council. It appealed for sufficient aid to reach those in need and called on the parties to the conflict in particular to act accordingly.

In New York, Switzerland reiterated the urgency of an immediate ceasefire and the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages. It also emphasised the need to restore a political horizon. Switzerland reiterated its full support for the two-state solution, which is the only basis that can offer the people in the region a life in peace, security and dignity.

Statement by Switzerland on the humanitarian situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 02.07.2024

"There is no second chance for childhood. As we gather here today, children in many armed conflicts around the world fear for their lives," underlined Switzerland at the UN Security Council's annual open debate on children and armed conflict on 26 June.

The UN Secretary-General's annual report on children and armed conflict paints a grim picture. It shows the highest number of grave violations of children's rights ever recorded, affecting children in all regions of the world. It includes alarming upward trends in the recruitment of children into armed conflict in Myanmar and the Democratic Republic of Congo, the abduction and killing of children in Israel and northern Nigeria, the overwhelming numbers of children killed and maimed in Gaza and Sudan, and the inadequate humanitarian access in both contexts. The attacks on schools and hospitals in Myanmar and Ukraine and the sexual violence against children by armed gangs in Haiti are also of particular concern.

In its statement, Switzerland stressed the need for the Security Council to step up its efforts to protect children in armed conflicts. A concrete example of this is the transition period for the withdrawal of UN missions from conflict zones. "We note with great concern that the number of serious violations of children's rights has either stagnated or increased in several transition phases, such as in the Democratic Republic of the Congo," said the Swiss representative in New York. It is the duty of the Security Council to ensure that the protection of children remains a priority in such transitional phases. Switzerland contributes to this by funding UNICEF or by sending child protection specialists to UN organizations, as it did after the withdrawal of the UN mission in Mali.

Switzerland also called on all parties to the conflict to respect international humanitarian law, to stop attacks on schools and hospitals, and to ensure access for humanitarian aid.

"Peace and respect for international law are the best protection for children. In particular, international humanitarian law, human rights and international refugee law must be respected. At the same time, it is our duty as members of the Security Council to step up our efforts to find political solutions to conflicts and to prevent them," Switzerland stressed.

Statement by Switzerland on children in armed conflict, UN Security Council, 26.06.2024

Today, the UN Security Council once again addressed the situation in the Middle East. In its statement, Switzerland emphasised that compliance with international law and the implementation of Security Council resolutions is urgent.

Resolution 2334, which the Council adopted in December 2016, reaffirms that Israel's settlements in the occupied Palestinian territory constitute a violation of international law and an obstacle to the realisation of the two-state solution. In New York, Switzerland criticised the fact that attacks, threats and intimidation by Israeli settlers against the Palestinian population in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, continue with minimal impunity. It condemns these attacks, calls for an immediate cessation and recalls Israel's obligations under international law as an occupying power, including the obligation to protect the civilian population.

At today's meeting, Switzerland stated that humanitarian personnel, infrastructure and goods must be respected and protected, including the premises of UNRWA and the ICRC. With the adoption of the resolution on the protection of humanitarian personnel, which Switzerland submitted to the Security Council to vote on 24 May 2024, the Council reaffirmed the responsibility of states and parties to conflict to respect and protect the civilian population, including humanitarian personnel, in all conflicts worldwide.

Two weeks ago, the Security Council adopted Resolution 2735, which calls on all parties to immediately and unconditionally implement the three-phase plan presented by the US government, which is intended to lead to a permanent ceasefire in Gaza. When the resolution was adopted on 10 June, Switzerland stressed that this plan currently represents the best chance for a way out of the conflict, which has claimed tens of thousands of victims since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on 7 October last year, which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms.

Accordingly, Switzerland reiterated its call for an immediate ceasefire, the rapid and unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip, compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties and the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

It also reiterated the importance of the two-state solution, which is the only basis for peace and stability in the region.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council. 25.06.2024

As part of an open debate at the UN Security Council, states discussed developments in cyberspace that could pose a threat to international peace. Switzerland emphasised two aspects that require the attention of the international community. On the one hand, the increasing digitalisation of conflicts and military cyber operations can lead to new dimensions of conflict. On the other hand, the increasing intensity of attacks with ransomware and state-sponsored cyberattacks on critical infrastructure are a cause for concern. The use of ransomware to extort foreign currency and crypto assets or targeted attacks on critical infrastructure threaten to disrupt important structures of societies.

In New York, Switzerland emphasised that the Security Council should reaffirm recognised principles to counter these developments. This applies in particular to the applicability of international law in cyberspace in general and of international humanitarian law to activities in cyberspace in the context of armed conflicts.

Statement by Switzerland on threats in cyberspace, UN Security Council, 20 June 2024

At the UN Security Council meeting on Ukraine, Switzerland underlined the goal of last weekend's Summit on Peace in Ukraine: "We must have the courage to build peace. And to do this, we need to talk about it."

In the Security Council, Switzerland thanked the 101 delegations who met on the Bürgenstock to inspire a peace process in Ukraine. The intensive dialog at the highest level enabled a better understanding of the positions of the delegations from all regions of the world in order to promote a common vision for a just and lasting peace based on the UN Charter and international law. The Bürgenstock Communiqué, which is supported by a large majority of participating states and delegations, reflects this vision and sets out three key objectives:

1. the safe and secure use of Ukraine's nuclear power plants and the inadmissibility of any threat or use of nuclear weapons;
2. the unhindered transportation of agricultural products across the Black Sea to improve food security;
3. all prisoners of war must be released as part of a comprehensive exchange. All Ukrainian children who have been unlawfully deported and displaced, as well as all other unlawfully detained Ukrainian civilians, must be returned to Ukraine.

Switzerland emphasized in the Security Council that these issues are suitable for building trust. However, peace can only be achieved if all parties are committed and engage in dialog. "Switzerland remains a partner for peace and dialog. It is necessary to continue this commitment beyond this first conference," emphasized Switzerland in New York.

Statement by Switzerland on a peace process in Ukraine, 18.06.2024

Newsticker: High-level conference on peace in Ukraine

On 13 June 2024, the Security Council adopted a resolution on the situation in El-Fasher in Sudan. The capital of North Darfur has been besieged for weeks by the paramilitary militia "Rapid Support Forces" (RSF) and the scene of fierce fighting between the RSF on the one side and the "Sudanese Armed Forces" (SAF) and other armed groups from Darfur on the other. The ongoing fighting has led to a serious deterioration in the humanitarian situation. According to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, the civilian population (>1.8 million) is trapped in the city and defenceless against the fighting, or is trying to flee with no hope of safety or protection. Humanitarian aid is barely reaching the embattled areas. There is an imminent threat of famine, affecting Darfur in particular, but also the other parts of the country.

The resolution supported by Switzerland calls on the RSF to end the siege and on all parties to the conflict to fulfil their obligations under international humanitarian law and international human rights law. It also calls on the parties to the conflict to immediately cease hostilities and to protect the civilian population. It also demands that the civilian population be allowed to leave the besieged city and that the warring parties grant access for humanitarian aid. In its role as an focal point for the topic of "hunger and conflict", Switzerland insisted during the negotiations that the resolution explicitly refers to the immediate danger of famine.

Swiss statement after the vote, UN Security Council, 13.06.2024

Every year, hundreds of thousands of persons go missing in armed conflicts. This is not only a humanitarian tragedy for the people concerned and their families, but also has long-term consequences for the stability of societies and peace efforts. What preventive measures can be taken to ensure that people do not disappear? The UN Security Council addressed this question at an informal meeting on 12 June in the so-called ‘Arria format’. This was organised by Switzerland together with the Global Alliance for the Missing to mark the fifth anniversary of UN Security Council Resolution 2474 (2019) on missing persons in armed conflicts. The event is one of a series of initiatives organised by Switzerland to implement its priority ‘Protecting civilians’.

There are many reasons why people disappear: some lose contact with relatives while fleeing wars, others fall victim to arbitrary arrests. Some are never found because their remains are not exhumed or identified. As highlighted in the UN Secretary-General's Annual Report on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict, the ICRC recorded the highest number of missing persons in decades in 2023. In light of these alarming figures, the Arria meeting aimed to raise awareness among the international community and emphasise the legal obligations of all parties to a conflict to prevent and search for missing persons.

At the meeting, Switzerland also emphasised the need to systematically address the issue of missing persons in mediation and peace processes. With the increase in armed conflicts worldwide, the number of missing persons is also rising. In order to prevent further disappearances and to create clarity for those who are missing a relative, those responsible must be held accountable. This is the only way to end impunity and achieve lasting peace.

In addition to accountability, other aspects - humanitarian, political, legal and extrajudicial - were also emphasised. Family members and civil organisations often play a central role in the search for missing persons. Representatives from Kuwait and Colombia shared their experiences in this area. In addition, a civil society representative from Nepal spoke about his personal involvement in reuniting families of missing relatives. The ICRC also shared its many years of experience at the meeting, for example in the work of the Central Tracing Service.

Statement by Switzerland, Arria meeting of the UN Security Council, 12 June 2024

Article: "One of the biggest challenges Ukraine faces in relation to missing persons is the large number of cases that need to be investigated."

Article: Finding and identifying missing persons is essential to rebuilding countries

With the adoption of the resolution penned by the US, the UN Security Council calls on Israel and Hamas to reach an agreement on the three-phase plan presented by US President Joe Biden and to implement it fully, immediately and unconditionally. The resolution sets out the phases of the plan as follows:

• Phase 1: an immediate, full, and complete ceasefire with the release of hostages including women, the elderly and the wounded, the return of the remains of some hostages who have been killed, the exchange of Palestinian prisoners, withdrawal of Israeli forces from the populated areas in Gaza, the return of Palestinian civilians to their homes and neighborhoods in all areas of Gaza, including in the north, as well as the safe and effective distribution of humanitarian assistance at scale throughout the Gaza Strip to all Palestinian civilians who need it, including housing units delivered by the international community;
• Phase 2: upon agreement of the parties, a permanent end to hostilities, in exchange for the release of all other hostages still in Gaza, and a full withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza; and
• Phase 3: the start of a major multi-year reconstruction plan for Gaza and the return of the remains of any deceased hostages still in Gaza to their families.

On this basis, the parties to the conflict, with the support of UN member states, should achieve a lasting end to hostilities. The adopted resolution once again underlines the Council's commitment to the two-state solution, in which Israel and Palestine exist side by side within secure and recognised borders. In this context, the resolution also emphasises the importance of the unification of the Gaza Strip with the West Bank under the administration of the Palestinian Authority.

Switzerland supported the resolution in the Security Council. After eight months of war since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on 7 October - which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms - the restoration of a political horizon in the Middle East is urgent. In its statement after the vote, Switzerland emphasised that the plan presented by the USA is currently the option with the best chance of finding a way out of the violence in the Middle East. Switzerland therefore expects Hamas and Israel to reach an immediate and unconditional agreement and implement the plan. It also underlined that the parties must fully comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights law, as required by the UN Security Council resolutions adopted since 7 October.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 10.06.2024

The Security Council today adopted a resolution on the regular renewal of two important institutions in the ISIL/Al-Qaida sanctions regime: The Monitoring Team and the independent Ombudsperson. The Monitoring Team provides the Security Council with reports on the implementation of sanctions. The Ombudsperson processes requests for removal from the sanctions list and thus represents an important pillar for safeguarding the rule of law in the sanctions regime. With the resolution, the Security Council expresses its desire to strengthen the Ombudsperson, which has long been a concern of Switzerland. The Security Council also addresses the issue of sexual violence by ISIL and Al-Qaeda. Switzerland has voted in favour of the resolution.

To mark UN Peacekeeping Day, Switzerland is organising a high-level event in New York to discuss current and future challenges for UN peacekeeping. Pälvi Pulli, Deputy State Secretary for Security Policy at the Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sports (DDPS), Ambassador Thomas Greminger, Director of the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) and Jean-Pierre Lacroix, UN Under-Secretary-General for Peace Operations, take part in the event.

Geopolitical shifts and the numerous interrelated challenges, such as the effects of climate change or economic crises, can have a negative impact on international peace and security. This also affects UN peacekeeping missions around the world. Today's event in New York creates space for a forward-looking policy dialogue. It brings together peacekeeping experts from around the world. The aim is to exchange views on how best to prepare UN peacekeeping operations for these challenges. By organising this exchange, Switzerland is contributing to the promotion of sustainable peace, a priority of the Federal Council for Switzerland's membership on the UN Security Council in 2023-2024.

The experience of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization in the Middle East (UNTSO) plays an important role here. In 1948, the UN Security Council mandated UNTSO as its first peacekeeping mission to observe the ceasefire between Israel and Syria. It is still active today and has acquired a great deal of knowledge and experience over the past 75 years. Even in a difficult environment, UNTSO's work demonstrates many of the qualities of flexible, adaptable and effective missions that the UN seeks to promote in the future. On this basis, the GCSP, together with the EPON organisation, has prepared a study to show how UNTSO's experience can be relevant to other and future peace missions. The Swiss-funded study will also be presented and discussed at the event.

The UN Security Council has renewed the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission in Iraq (UNAMI), the sanctions on South Sudan and the resolution on combating arms trafficking off the Libyan coast. Switzerland supported all three resolutions.

The resolution on combating arms trafficking off the Libyan coast authorises UN member states and regional organisations active there to inspect and seize ships on the high seas that they have reasonable suspicion of contributing to the delivery of arms to Libya.

The UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) advises and assists the Iraqi government and people in promoting inclusive political dialogue and reconciliation at national and local levels, the electoral process, the protection of human rights and judicial and legal reforms. UNAMI's mandate was extended today for the last time until the end of 2025. The mission will then be withdrawn.

The extension of the sanctions measures in South Sudan on 30 May, which include an arms embargo on the entire territory of South Sudan and targeted sanctions against individuals on both sides to the conflict, as well as the mandate of the associated panel of experts, are important steps by the Security Council for stability in the region.

The UN Security Council today once again discussed the situation in the Middle East. Switzerland is extremely concerned about the spiral of violence which reached a new level last weekend.

Switzerland strongly condemns the Israeli attack on a camp for displaced persons in Rafah on 26 May. According to the UN, this attack resulted in dozens of civilian casualties. The population of Gaza is in dire need of protection, having already been displaced, facing the threat of famine and continuing to suffer from the hostilities. Switzerland also strongly condemns the continued and indiscriminate rocket attacks by Hamas on Israel, as was the case on 26 May. Such attacks are a violation of international humanitarian law. It has underlined this in the Security Council.

In this context, Switzerland recalled in New York that all parties must comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law. They must observe the principle of distinction without exception and take precautionary measures to protect the civilian population and prevent damage to civilian objects. Switzerland reiterated to the Council its call for an immediate ceasefire, safe and unhindered humanitarian access and the immediate and unconditional release of hostages.

Switzerland also addressed the Security Council on the situation in the West Bank. It condemned the violence perpetrated by Israeli settlers, including repeated attacks on UN facilities in East Jerusalem and on humanitarian aid convoys.

Respect for international humanitarian law by all parties, as well as the implementation of UN Security Council resolutions and the preventive measures of the International Court of Justice, are prerequisites for de-escalation. Switzerland remains firmly convinced that only a negotiated two-state solution, in which Israel and Palestine live side by side in peace and security within recognized borders, is the basis for lasting peace in the Middle East.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 29.05.2024

The UN Security Council has agreed on a presidential statement on the situation in the Sahel and West Africa. This region is the responsibility of the UN regional office UNOWAS. Switzerland, together with Sierra Leone, is leading this dossier. In February 2023, it succeeded in extending the mandate of UNOWAS for a further three years.

The presidential statement sends an important message from the Security Council to West Africa and the Sahel – a region that faces many challenges and is often low on the list of priorities in international fora. There has been no Security Council product on this region for nearly three years. The adoption by consensus is the result of thorough work carried out by the elected States of the Security Council in several rounds of negotiations since the beginning of 2022. In the statement, the Council expresses its concern about security in the region, as well as the humanitarian and political situation.

Security

The presidential statement emphasizes that the Security Council is aware of the difficult security situation in West Africa and the Sahel. Contributing factors include armed conflict, including with armed groups linked to international terrorist organizations, transnational organized crime, and climate change, which is disproportionately affecting the region. In its statement, the Security Council condemns the continuing violations of international humanitarian law, including attacks against civilians and civilian objects. It calls for all actors to be held accountable for violations of international humanitarian law or human rights.

Political situation

In the statement, the Security Council emphasizes the progress made in several countries in preserving and promoting democracy, such as the peaceful conduct of elections, dialogue and reconciliation processes. However, the Council also expressed concern about unconstitutional changes of government and attempted coups, which are known to have an impact on peace and security in the region. It emphasizes the importance of restoring constitutional order in countries in the region undergoing political transition. Furthermore, the Council recognizes the good work of UNOWAS in preventing conflicts and tensions and promoting peace and political stability.

Humanitarian situation

In the presidential statement, the Security Council expresses its concern about the deteriorating humanitarian situation in some parts of the region, caused by conflict and exacerbated by other factors such as climate change. The consequences are increasing forced displacement, extreme poverty and lack of food and water, social inequalities and violence. As a co-leader and within the framework of its priority "Addressing climate security", Switzerland has worked to ensure that this issue is given due consideration. The Security Council calls for unhindered and rapid access to humanitarian and medical aid for all those in need, as well as access to education and health care.

Switzerland worked closely with the co-chairs Ghana (2023) and Sierra Leone (2024) during the negotiations that led to the presidential statement and maintained a dialogue with all Council members.

UN Security Council Presidential Statement on West Africa and the Sahel, 24.05.2024 (PDF, 5 Pages, 174.4 kB, English)

Other languages

Déclaration présidentielle du Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU sur l'Afrique de l'Ouest et le Sahel, 24.05.2024

On 24 May 2024, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution for the protection of humanitarian and UN personnel in conflict zones. The resolution, which was negotiated and submitted by Switzerland to the Security Council for a vote, highlights the country's long-standing commitment to the protection of civilians – a priority of the Federal Council for Switzerland's 2023–24 term on the council.

The number of armed conflicts worldwide is increasing rapidly. While the world was confronted with around 20 conflicts at the turn of the millennium, this number has now surged to over 120 armed conflicts. Millions of people on almost every continent are in need of humanitarian aid, while the humanitarian and UN personnel providing this vital aid are facing increasing pressure and becoming victims of attacks themselves. More than 500 humanitarian aid workers were victims of violence in 2023, with over 250 killed. Over the past decade, the number of victims from humanitarian aid organisations has risen by more than 50%, with 90% of those affected being national or local employees.

Switzerland is deeply concerned about the increasing violence against people who provide aid. Such attacks take place in all conflict regions and often hinder life-saving measures. As an elected member of the UN Security Council, Switzerland took the initiative to negotiate a draft resolution on the protection of humanitarian and UN personnel. The adoption of the resolution is an important signal for the protection of civilians. The resolution garnered widespread support, with a total of 98 UN member states co-sponsoring the initiative.

Through this resolution, the Security Council specifically calls on UN member states to fulfil their obligations under international law to protect humanitarian and UN personnel, including national and local staff, as well as their premises and assets. The resolution also addresses emerging threats faced by humanitarian and UN personnel, including disinformation campaigns aimed at undermining their work. The Security Council expressly calls on all states, as well as state and non-state parties to conflicts, to respect and protect humanitarian and UN personnel. The resolution mandates the UN secretary-general to provide the Security Council with concrete recommendations within six months on how to better prevent such attacks and combat impunity.

The adoption of this resolution not only reinforces Switzerland's enduring commitment to humanitarian principles but also serves as a timely reminder of the importance of international humanitarian law, especially as we approach the 75th anniversary of the Geneva Conventions in August. Providing support and protection to people in need is a cornerstone of Switzerland's Foreign Policy Strategy 2024–27. 

Article: UN Security Council adopts Swiss resolution

UN Security Council resolution on the protection of humanitarian personnel, 24 May 2024 (PDF, 8 Pages, 251.8 kB, English)

“Many new opportunities are emerging for Africa.” This is what Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis wrote in the foreword to the Federal Council's Sub-Saharan Africa Strategy 2021-2024. It was precisely this potential that was at the centre of an open debate at the UN Security Council today, chaired by Mozambique. ‘We can further mobilise the potential of African countries based on their experience in the field of prevention,’ emphasised Swiss UN Ambassador Pascale Baeriswyl in New York.

Africa continues to face various challenges. Instability and conflict on the African continent stem from a mixture of profound causes: lack of economic prospects, weak state presence in some regions, competition for resources and the indirect consequences of climate change. Effective conflict prevention must take all these instability factors and their interactions into account.

In New York, Switzerland emphasised that the knowledge and insights of African states from a decades-long tradition of conflict resolution and mediation have great potential for national conflict prevention. This also includes dealing with the past, which is an important pillar for creating sustainable peace. For example, there is a special court in Sierra Leone and a truth commission in South Africa to establish justice for victims of human rights violations. Such institutions also serve to prevent future atrocities and promote the reconciliation of communities.

African states and the African Union are well positioned to play an important role in prevention not only on the African continent but also at multilateral level. In New York, the representative of Switzerland emphasised the great potential of increased cooperation between the African Union and the UN Security Council. The Council can learn from the experiences of African countries in the area of conflict prevention. For example, the exchange between the Security Council and the African Union planned during the Swiss Security Council Presidency in October 2024 is an important instrument for the mutual exchange of information.

Statement by Switzerland on strengthening the role of African states in global security, UN Security Council, 23 May 2024

In 1999, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution that for the first time introduced the protection of civilians in armed conflict. 25 years later, this issue, which was established as a guarantor of international peace and security, is increasingly facing serious threats. With increasing challenges such as the difficulty of humanitarian access into Gaza, sexual violence and indiscriminate attacks on civilians in Sudan, attacks on civilian infrastructure in Ukraine and three million people displaced by the conflict in Myanmar, the principles of international humanitarian law are being eroded.

Today's debate at the UN Security Council, initiated by Mozambique, aimed to reaffirm the historical importance of the international rules that have been established over the last century, since the signing of the Geneva Conventions 75 years ago. The aim of today's exchange was to strengthen the protection of civilians worldwide. The commitment of UN member states and other stakeholders is central to upholding and promoting the principles of international humanitarian law and strengthening human rights.

“The Geneva Conventions are the foundation of the normative architecture that we have built stone by stone from the ruins of war to protect the civilian population. It is therefore difficult to understand why we are now deconstructing our own work with words and deeds,” explained FDFA Deputy State Secretary Thomas Gürber during the Council debate. Stronger mechanisms are needed to ensure compliance with the rules and accountability, particularly in a context where the nature and methods of warfare are constantly changing.

In the Security Council, Switzerland appealed to the common sense of parties to a conflict. In particular, it calls for rapid, safe and unhindered access for humanitarian aid, which de facto means better protection for the staff of humanitarian organisations. “Let's change this. Let's fulfil our responsibility,” concluded Thomas Gürber.

Article: The Security Council resolution on the protection of civilians is 25 years old

Statement by Switzerland at the open debate on the protection of civilians, UN Security Council, 21.05.2024

The UN Security Council today addressed the humanitarian situation and the plight of civilians in the Middle East. Scores of civilians continue to be killed and injured in the Gaza Strip as a result of the ongoing hostilities. Hundreds of thousands of people have been displaced. Against this background, Switzerland has called in the Security Council for an immediate ceasefire and an end to the ongoing military operation in Rafah. The consequences of this operation for the civilian population in Rafah, which has been suffering from bombardments, repeated displacement and hunger for more than seven months, are unacceptable. What the population needs today is support, not more suffering," emphasized Switzerland's UN Ambassador Pascale Baeriswyl in New York.

In its statement, Switzerland referred to the numerous resolutions adopted by the Security Council to condemn and stop attacks on civilians, hostage-taking and acts of terrorism. The terrorist acts by Hamas and the hostage-taking of October 7, which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms, violate all these resolutions. Switzerland continues to call for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages.

In the Council, Switzerland welcomed the fact that the possibility of delivering humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip by sea has been created. At the same time, it pointed out that the humanitarian aid currently reaching Gaza was far from sufficient. It called on all parties to fulfil their obligations to ensure humanitarian access throughout the Gaza Strip. It is also essential that the parties ensure the protection of humanitarian personnel so that they can fully carry out their tasks.

In view of the humanitarian catastrophe unfolding in the Middle East, Switzerland called for the immediate implementation of the relevant Security Council resolutions. These resolutions are binding under international law and oblige all parties to respect international humanitarian law and human rights. Switzerland also reiterated its support for a negotiated two-state solution in which Israel and Palestine live side by side in peace within secure and recognized borders. Such a solution is the only way to achieve lasting peace in the Middle East.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 20.05.2024

On 17 May 2024, Switzerland organised an informal meeting of the UN Security Council that focused on strengthening the interplay between science and the work of the Security Council. To this end, it brought speakers from two key Swiss scientific institutions, GESDA and ETH, to New York. ‘The Security Council has a mandate to deal with the many crises that are shaking the world. But even in these difficult times, it is crucial that we take a longer-term view,’ said Thomas Gürber, Deputy State Secretary of the FDFA, addressing the Security Council. The number of conflicts in the world is increasing and the challenges to peace and security in the world are becoming ever more complex. The consequences of climate change are exacerbating existing risks, new technologies are having a profound impact on our societies and disinformation is threatening trust between states.

The meeting, organised by Switzerland, aimed to gather perspectives on how the Security Council could strengthen its interaction with the scientific community to put evidence-based knowledge at the service of peace and security. Science has the potential to strengthen trust between states. ‘Trust is based on mutual understanding, but also on reliable facts and knowledge. Scientific actors have the tools and experience to produce reliable knowledge,’ emphasised Thomas Gürber in New York. The Security Council needs to act decisively on the basis of scientific findings in order to understand, anticipate and address risks to peace and security.

To ensure this in concrete terms, Switzerland is already promoting dialogue between UN member states and the academic world, for example, in order to better understand specific risk multipliers for conflicts such as climate change in certain operational contexts of UN peacekeeping missions. In doing so, it can draw on its experience from the Swiss ‘Blue Peace’ initiative, in which it combines sound knowledge with political dialogue to promote regional and cross-border cooperation on the peaceful management of limited water resources. Switzerland's long-term goal is a UN that works with the latest tools and methods based on data and scientific knowledge. This harbours great potential for better supporting the work of the Security Council and UN peacekeeping missions on the ground.

News article: Interview with GESDA and ETH on the potential of science for peace and security

Media release: UN Security Council: Utilising the potential of science for peace and security, 17.05.2024

Declaration by Switzerland on harnessing the potential of science for peace and security, UN Security Council, 17.05.2024

Almost 30 years have passed since the end of the armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Dayton Peace Agreement, which was signed by the conflict parties on 14 December 1995, laid the foundations for the formation of a multi-ethnic state with a democratically elected government and for peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, tensions between the various ethnic groups in society continue to flare up. "Switzerland reaffirms its commitment to supporting Bosnia and Herzegovina on the path to peace, stability and prosperity and to building a united future for the young generation," emphasised Switzerland in the Security Council.

A crucial aspect of achieving this is creating prospects for people throughout the country. For example, the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) is supporting the Youth for Change project, which is being implemented by the Mozaik Foundation to mobilise and empower young entrepreneurs to drive economic and political change in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The project aims to support young innovative people between 2016 and 2026 to represent inclusive economic and social values and create jobs. They act as role models for other young people and contribute to the prosperity of the country and thus to the well-being of all. Over 450,000 people across the country have taken part in the project so far.

In addition to creating perspectives, society's trust in the functioning of state institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the constitutional order and in the protection of fundamental freedoms must be strengthened. This lays the foundation for a democratic, peaceful and stable society. Switzerland also emphasised in the Security Council that all parties must step up their efforts to promote peaceful coexistence and reconciliation and refrain from hate speech and divisive rhetoric. Historical and legal reappraisal of the past is also necessary in order to prevent violence and create sustainable peace.

Declaration by Switzerland on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, UN Security Council, 15.05.2024

The UN Security Council today extended the mandate of the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) for a further year. Switzerland supported the resolution in New York because UNMISS makes an important contribution to the protection of civilians and the promotion of sustainable peace, both priorities of its Council membership. The tasks of UNMISS include promoting the implementation of the peace agreement, strengthening international humanitarian law and human rights, and providing logistical support for humanitarian programmes in the country.

After decades of conflict, South Sudan gained political independence in 2011. However, the new government collapsed in 2013 and a civil war began that ended with a peace agreement in 2018. But this peace is deceptive: the many problems that tore society apart still exist, and the deep traumas of the recent wars remain unresolved. Political reforms that would address these challenges are still a long way off. Elections are scheduled for December 2024, but there is no confirmation that they will take place.

Switzerland has already underlined its full support for the UNMISS mandate in a public briefing to the Security Council on 5 March 2024. At that time, it also underlined key aspects that are central to stability and security in South Sudan. These include the creation of a secure environment for the holding of elections. Free, fair and inclusive elections, which the resolution adopted today also mandates UNMISS to support, are central to the implementation of the 2018 peace agreement. On the other hand, the already precarious humanitarian situation needs to be improved. This has deteriorated significantly as a result of the ongoing war in Sudan since mid-April. To date, more than half a million Sudanese refugees have found shelter in Southern Sudan. The influx of people from Sudan exacerbates existing economic, social and political tensions and has a negative impact on South Sudan's fragile food security situation. This is already under pressure from conflict, displacement and climate change. Rapid and unhindered humanitarian access is essential to deliver aid to people in need. It is also essential to protect humanitarian personnel.

A fragile peace in South Sudan

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in South Sudan, UN Security Council, 05.03.2024

Haiti is currently experiencing a multidimensional crisis and the security situation in the country is deteriorating significantly. Criminal gangs still control large areas of the capital, Port-au-Prince, and are extending their influence to other parts of the country. Gang violence, internal displacement, human rights abuses, kidnappings and sexual violence continue to undermine the prospects for peace on the island. The escalating violence is having a dramatic impact on the civilian population.

A Transitional Presidential Council has been formed to appoint a new interim Prime Minister and a Council of Ministers. Facilitated by CARICOM, the Caribbean Community, the creation of the Presidential Transitional Council is intended to promote an inclusive and participatory inter-Haitian dialogue, which is the only way to achieve a political solution to the crisis. It will have the difficult task of facilitating the holding of free, participatory, fair and secure elections.

In a briefing to the UN Security Council today, Switzerland welcomed the recent formation of the Presidential Transitional Council and the facilitating role played by CARICOM. "Given the importance of the phase of political transition opened up by these encouraging measures, it is essential that they are implemented swiftly and inclusively, without creating a political vacuum that could further disrupt the fragile security situation," Adrian Hauri told the Council.

Responding to the hopes of the Haitian people

Switzerland also reiterated the need for a significant increase in humanitarian aid to meet the needs of the Haitian population. Nearly half of the Haitian population suffers from food insecurity as a result of gang violence, in particular due to movement restrictions and supply difficulties throughout the country. It also praised the work and efforts of the staff of the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti (BINUH).

Finally, Switzerland called on the international community to use all available means to support the Haitian National Police. In particular, Switzerland called for the rapid deployment of the Multinational Security Support Mission (MMSS) authorised by the UN Security Council on 2 October. The situation is at a tipping point and it may soon be too late to act," Switzerland said in its statement. The Security Council and the international community must continue their efforts to respond to the hopes of the Haitian people.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in Haiti, UN Security Council, 22.04.2024

The UN Security Council today discussed the current situation in Kosovo in the presence of the President of Serbia, Aleksandar Vučić, and the President of Kosovo, Vjosa Osmani. In its statement, Switzerland underlined that trust between the two countries must be further strengthened in the interest of both communities. To this end, both parties must focus on moderate rhetoric, strive for further progress in the EU-led normalisation process and follow up on commitments already made with concrete actions.

Through its good offices, Switzerland is committed to building constructive relations between the parties. Since 2015, for example, it has been organising meetings in parallel with the EU-led dialogue to facilitate personal contacts between representatives of Kosovo and Serbian political parties. "Both sides share the responsibility for reducing tensions," Switzerland stressed in the Security Council.

Building mutual trust between the ethnic groups is the key to reducing escalation. An important aspect in this area is dealing with the past. For example, Switzerland has supported Kosovo in setting up a truth and reconciliation commission. It is also helping families to clarify the fate of missing or imprisoned persons.

Switzerland's international cooperation in Kosovo focuses on three thematic areas: democratic governance and peace; sustainable economic development; and climate change, water and health. Gender aspects are also taken into account in all projects.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in Kosovo, UN Security Council, 22.04.2024

The Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and the UN Security Council share the same goal: to establish and maintain peace and security. The Security Council is committed to this mandate at the global level, the OSCE at the regional level. Co-operation between the two multilateral bodies is essential. This was the focus of a briefing to the Security Council today.

The establishment of the OSCE nearly 50 years ago laid the foundation for a peaceful, rules-based order in the OSCE region, as envisioned by the UN Charter. The war against Ukraine has shaken the OSCE and presented it with new challenges, but it continues to make an important contribution to stability in many regions of our continent. In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, for example, it is helping to prevent and resolve conflicts peacefully. In the Western Balkans, the OSCE promotes democratic governance, inclusive elections, human rights, economic activity and the involvement of young people in political processes. These are all key factors for sustainable peace - one of Switzerland's priorities for its membership of the UN Security Council.

As an impartial mediator and observer, and through its independent election monitoring, the OSCE is a central pillar of the architecture of peace and security in Europe, especially in times of increased pressure. Parallel to its seat on the UN Security Council, Switzerland is also committed to effective multilateralism and peace within the OSCE. It attaches great importance to coherence between the two bodies. A secure Europe also requires a strong and effective OSCE.

Statement by Switzerland, OSCE briefing, UN Security Council, 19.04.2024

Palestine's application for full UN membership will not be submitted to the UN General Assembly due to the veto by the United States on 18 April in the UN Security Council. Switzerland abstained from the vote. After assessing the situation and consulting with the chairs of the parliamentary foreign affairs committees, the Federal Council concluded that granting Palestine full UN membership at this time would not be conducive to easing the situation and peace efforts in the Middle East. Switzerland remains committed to the two-state solution.

Palestine has had observer state status at the United Nations since 2012. It reactivated its previously inconclusive 2011 application for full UN membership on 2 April 2024. Full UN membership is decided by the UN General Assembly in accordance with the UN Charter. The UN Security Council must make a positive recommendation for admission before the General Assembly can vote on a membership application. Since the United States vetoed the recommendation for Palestine's membership, the application will not proceed to a vote in the General Assembly.

In view of the current highly unstable situation in the Middle East and from an overall peace policy perspective, Switzerland believes that admitting Palestine as a full UN member is not advisable at this time. The Federal Council therefore decided that Switzerland would abstain from the vote on the Palestinian application in the UN Security Council. Before making this decision, the Federal Council conducted a thorough assessment of the overall geopolitical situation and consulted with the chairs of the foreign affairs committees of both the National Council and the Council of States, as required by Article 152 paragraph 4 of the Parliament Act. Switzerland considers that it would be better to proceed with Palestine's accession to the United Nations as a full member at a time when such a step would fit in with the logic of an emerging peace.

Switzerland remains committed to the two-state solution. The Federal Council, as outlined in the MENA Strategy 2021–24, firmly believes that lasting peace in the Middle East can only be achieved through a negotiated two-state solution that adheres to international law and internationally agreed parameters.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 18.04.2024

Press release: Palestine's application for full membership of the United Nations, 18.04.2024

News platform: Situation in the Middle East

The UN Security Council held a ministerial debate on the current situation in the Middle East. In view of recent developments and the escalating spiral of violence, Switzerland emphasized in its statement the urgent need for de-escalation and respect for international law. "Respect for the UN Charter, international humanitarian law and human rights must be a guiding principle for all parties to the conflict," Switzerland's UN Ambassador told the Security Council.

Since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on October 7, which Switzerland condemns in the strongest terms, the Security Council has adopted three resolutions that have not been implemented. In New York today, Switzerland called for their immediate implementation. "The ceasefire called for in the resolution of March 25 has not been respected, not all hostages have been released and numerous civilians are becoming victims of the hostilities every day," recalled the Swiss ambassador to the UN.

The already dramatic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip is deteriorating rapidly and famine is imminent. Humanitarian aid must be channeled unhindered through all possible border crossings and distributed throughout the Gaza Strip, including the north. Switzerland also reiterated its demand for the immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages.

At the same time, it is important not to lose sight of the situation in the West Bank. Violence there has reached record levels, including settler violence, which Switzerland condemns.

In New York, Switzerland called on all parties for strict compliance with international humanitarian law. It remains convinced that the basis for lasting peace in the Middle East is a two-state solution. Only this solution, negotiated by both sides in accordance with international law, can lead to a lasting peace between Israelis and Palestinians. "Switzerland is ready to contribute constructively to such a solution," emphasized the Swiss ambassador in New York.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 18.04.2024

On 17 April 2024, the UN Security Council held a debate on the role of young people in peace in the Mediterranean Basin. Switzerland considers that young people must be provided with an environment in which they can develop and contribute to social cohesion, the reduction of tensions and the economy.

"The fate of every nation depends on its youth", says an Arabic proverb - a language spoken by many young people in the Mediterranean region. Young people play an important role in peacebuilding. Many young men and women in the Mediterranean Basin have grown up with wars and conflicts, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Syria and the Middle East, for example. In addition, there are other challenges such as a lack of economic prospects, barriers to political participation and the negative consequences of climate change, which are particularly felt in the Mediterranean region.

In their search for a better life, these young people are increasingly losing trust in state institutions. A lack of state protection, forced displacement or arbitrary arrests are factors that accelerate the loss of trust. Despite this, many young people in the Mediterranean countries are showing resilience and advocating for a better future. Their resilience and drive are key pillars for building sustainable peace – a priority for Switzerland in its mandate at the UN Security Council.

"The willingness of youth to engage is undeniable. What is needed is the willingness of political leaders to do their part," said Swiss UN Ambassador Pascale Baeriswyl in the Council. In its statement in New York, Switzerland emphasised the elements that are necessary for young people to participate effectively and develop their potential: Empowerment, appreciation and protection. Firstly, young people need sustainable economic prospects in order to promote trust and participation in politics. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, for example, Switzerland is supporting young people in developing professional skills as part of the "Youth for Change" project. Furthermore, legal and institutional barriers must be lifted so that young people's ideas for peace are heard. For the Security Council, for example, this could mean better implementing its resolutions on the youth, peace and security agenda with the help of an action plan. Finally, young people need offline and online platforms where they can express themselves without fear of reprisals. Hate speech and discrimination should give way to intercultural and intergenerational dialogue.

Swiss statement on the role of young people for peace, UN Security Council, 17.04.2024

In an emergency meeting today, the UN Security Council addressed the catastrophic food security situation in the Gaza Strip and attacks on humanitarian personnel. The meeting was requested by Switzerland, among others. Despite the adoption of the resolution of 25 March 2024, which calls for an immediate ceasefire, the fighting continues. The resulting lack of access to food and inadequate water supplies are catastrophic for the civilian population. According to UNICEF, nowhere else in the world is child malnutrition as precarious as in the Gaza Strip.

Only humanitarian aid could provide a remedy. However, widespread insecurity and restrictions on movement are forcing humanitarian organisations to stop their work. "The Gaza Strip has become the most dangerous place for humanitarian workers," emphasised Swiss Ambassador Adrian Hauri, Chargé d'affaires at the UN Security Council. In New York, Switzerland expressed its respect for all humanitarian aid workers who risk their lives every day in the Middle East. "Our thoughts today are with the organisations and families of the two hundred or so humanitarian workers who have been killed in Gaza since 7 October. Attacks on humanitarian workers are a violation of international humanitarian law and must stop immediately," said Adrian Hauri.

Switzerland reminded the Council of the International Court of Justice's call for Israel to work closely with the UN to ensure the provision of urgently needed basic supplies and humanitarian aid by all parties involved. In view of this, Switzerland once again appealed to the parties to strictly observe international law, in particular international humanitarian law and human rights law. Switzerland emphatically called for the implementation of all Middle East resolutions adopted by the Security Council since the escalation of violence last October. "An immediate ceasefire is the only way to ensure that no more civilian lives are lost," emphasised the Swiss ambassador. In addition, all hostages still being held in Gaza must be released immediately and unconditionally.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 05.04.2024

The UN Security Council has discussed the situation in Myanmar. Since the military coup in 2021, the country has been facing a deep political, social, economic and humanitarian crisis. Armed groups in different parts of the country have been fighting against military forces for many years. The escalation of violence has had a devastating impact on the civilian population. Human rights violations and large-scale internal displacement are taking place throughout the country.

In the Council, Switzerland condemned the escalation of the armed conflicts, which have intensified since the military takeover, and called for dialogue between all conflict parties in order to find a political solution. Independent reports indicating that war crimes and crimes against humanity may have been committed in Myanmar are a cause for concern. In New York, Switzerland appealed to the conflict parties to respect their obligations under international humanitarian law and human rights law. It also stressed that all parties must allow rapid and unimpeded humanitarian access. The protection of civilians and humanitarian and medical personnel must be guaranteed. Furthermore, close cooperation between the UN and regional actors such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is essential for mediation and the provision of humanitarian aid.

In its statement, Switzerland stressed the need for the UN Security Council to play a more active role in building peace and security in Myanmar. It is therefore ready to support Council measures to reduce violence, protect civilians and ensure humanitarian access.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in Myanmar, UN Security Council, 04.04.2024

Switzerland condemns the airstrike against the Iranian consulate in the Syrian capital Damascus, which killed and injured several people. This airstrike considerably increases the risk of a major escalation in the region. The spiral of escalation must stop immediately. Switzerland calls on all parties to engage in dialogue and exercise the utmost restraint in order to prevent the situation from escalating further and to find a solution. Switzerland also emphasised this today at an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council in New York.

Statement by Switzerland on the airstrike against the Iranian consulate in Damascus, UN Security Council, 02.04.2024

The extension of the mandate of the Panel of Experts on the Implementation of Sanctions against the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) failed today in the UN Security Council due to a Russian veto. The Security Council has imposed sanctions on the DPRK since 2006 in an effort to curb its nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs. The sanctions include a range of measures, including trade and financial restrictions and an arms embargo, aimed at cutting off the flow of resources and technology that could be used for the DPRK's military programs.

The Panel of Experts is a group of independent experts appointed by the Security Council to monitor the implementation of Council sanctions. The Panel's main task is to investigate and report to the Security Council on the implementation of sanctions. The experts collect and analyze information on potential violations and recommend measures to enforce the sanctions. Through its work, the Panel of Experts contributes to improving the implementation of sanctions.

In New York, Switzerland supported the resolution to extend the Panel of Experts and regrets today's decision by the Council. In its foreign policy, Switzerland actively opposes the proliferation of nuclear weapons and continues to assume responsibility in the UN Security Council as Chair of the Sanctions Committee for the DPRK. In this role, Switzerland is committed to building consensus among Council members and ensuring the proper functioning of the Committee in a context of heightened political tensions. It will continue this commitment after today's Council decision.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 28.03.2024

Press statement by Switzerland, New York, 28.03.2024

On 25 March, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution on the situation in the Middle East. The Council calls for an immediate ceasefire for the remainder of Ramadan, which should lead to a lasting sustainable ceasefire. The resolution was submitted to the Security Council for a vote by Switzerland together with the nine other non-permanent Council members as co-penholders.

After several vetoes, the UN Security Council today adopted, for the first time since 7 October, a resolution clearly calling for an immediate ceasefire in the Middle East. Switzerland, which played a key role in finding a solution between the Council members during the negotiations, welcomes this adoption. In view of the dramatic consequences of the conflict for the civilian population, a clear appeal by the Security Council was essential. 

The Council reiterates its demand that all parties comply with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and human rights. The resolution calls for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, the protection of the civilian population and humanitarian access. The Council also deplores all acts of terrorism and recalls that the taking of hostages is prohibited under international law.

In its statement after the vote, Switzerland underlined the central importance of this resolution. It responds to the most urgent needs on the ground and must be implemented immediately with a view to a lasting sustainable ceasefire. In New York, Switzerland reiterated its condemnation of Hamas's terrorist acts on 7 October and emphasised that the two-state solution is the only perspective for peace in which Israel and Palestine can live side by side in dignity and security.

Switzerland worked tirelessly with all members of the Council to facilitate the adoption of this resolution. Today's decision by the Council underlines the weight of the non-permanent members of the Council who, despite the blockades, have enabled the Security Council to fulfil its mandate to maintain international peace and security.

Statement from Switzerland after the vote, 25.03.2024

A US-drafted resolution on the situation in the Middle East failed in the UN Security Council today due to a veto by Russia and China. The resolution would have stressed the need for an immediate and lasting ceasefire in Gaza. To that end, the resolution would have supported the ongoing diplomatic negotiations led by the U.S., Qatar and Egypt. Among other things, this resolution demanded that the parties comply with their obligations under international law and called for an increase in humanitarian aid. Switzerland considers it necessary to implement an immediate humanitarian ceasefire. In particular, such a measure should facilitate the release of the hostages and the immediate delivery of humanitarian aid to and within the Gaza Strip. Switzerland supported the resolution in New York and deplores the outcome of the vote. There is an urgent need for the Security Council to call on the parties to respect international humanitarian law and protect the civilian population.

In its statement after the vote, Switzerland stressed that the adoption of this resolution would have sent a clear call to the parties to fully comply with their obligations under international humanitarian law and human rights. The resolution would also have sent a signal to the parties to work towards a durable ceasefire, almost six months after the acts of terrorism by Hamas, which Switzerland condemned. In addition, the resolution would have emphasized the centrality of a two-state solution as the only basis for peace and security in the region.

Statement after the vote on the US resolution, UN Security Council, 22 March 2024

The security situation in Haiti is rapidly deteriorating. Criminal gangs control large parts of the capital, Port-au-Prince, and are expanding their influence into other regions of the country. Gang violence, displacement, human rights abuses, kidnappings and sexual violence are on the rise, undermining peace, stability and security in Haiti and the region. The escalation of violence, which recently culminated in the liberation of thousands of prisoners from various prisons, has had a devastating impact on the civilian population. According to the UN, more than five million people in Haiti are at risk of acute hunger.

Last October, the UN Security Council authorized the deployment of a multinational security assistance mission to Haiti. While Kenya has agreed to lead the police mission, the deployment has been delayed due to internal political processes. In light of the escalating situation in Haiti, the Security Council recently met three times in two weeks to discuss the crisis. Last week, the Council issued a statement calling on relevant actors to take action. It condemned the violence and called on the armed gangs to immediately cease their destabilizing actions. The Council also expressed its expectation that the Security Council mission would be deployed to Haiti as soon as possible. In addition, the Council emphasized the need to create the security conditions for an inclusive political process and free and fair elections in Haiti. Last week, it was announced that a Presidential Council and an interim Prime Minister would replace the resigned Prime Minister Ariel Henry. The UN Security Council met again today for closed consultations. Switzerland is committed to ensuring that the Council continues to support Haiti in its efforts to achieve peace, stability and security. On the ground, Swiss development cooperation continues to support the Haitian people.

The UN Security Council has unanimously extended the mandate of the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) for another year. Afghanistan faces a number of complex crises affecting the economy and human rights, particularly women's rights. In addition, the effects of climate change pose a serious challenge to the country. Increasing competition for water has the potential to exacerbate conflict, instability and insecurity beyond Afghanistan's borders. The country also suffers from a severe humanitarian crisis. Nearly 20 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance.

Switzerland supports the resolution in the Council and welcomes its adoption today. UNAMA plays an important role for the civilian population in Afghanistan. UNAMA provides humanitarian assistance in Afghanistan, promotes human rights, protects children affected by armed conflict and supports gender equality. The mission is also mandated to promote development and governance in Afghanistan, particularly the rule of law. These are all issues that play a central role in Swiss foreign policy. On the ground, Switzerland works with partner organizations such as the UN, the ICRC and NGOs to reduce human suffering.

On the fringes of the 68th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), President Amherd took part in an informal Arria formula meeting of the UN Security Council in on "Women, Peace and Security". Switzerland organized the meeting. "For Switzerland, there is no doubt: peace is inseparable from gender equality and women's rights," the President of the Confederation emphasized in New York. Their participation in peace processes, conflict prevention and post-conflict reconstruction is essential. 

Within the framework of its priority "Promoting sustainable peace", Switzerland pursues the goal of strengthening the equal participation of women in international peace and security efforts. Given the current global political situation, this is no easy task. The UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) is today the most important normative framework for the rights of women and girls worldwide. "It must be respected and implemented, especially in the context of our discussions in the Security Council," the President emphasized. Another instrument is UN Security Council Resolution 1325 and the nine successive resolutions on "Women, Peace and Security". Switzerland was one of the first countries to adopt a national action plan to implement these resolutions. In order to guarantee the rights of women and girls at all times, in times of peace as well as in times of conflict, Viola Amherd requested at today's Council meeting that the synergies between CEDAW and the "Women, Peace and Security" agenda be strengthened. In this way, Switzerland would also like to strengthen the links between Geneva, the seat of the UN human rights organizations, and New York, the seat of the Security Council.

Statement by the President of the Swiss Confederation, Viola Amherd, on "Women, Peace and Security", UN Security Council, 12.03.2024

At its meeting today, the UN Security Council discussed the report of the UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Pramila Patten, released on March 4, following her visit to Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory. According to the report, there is reason to believe that women and girls were raped and tortured in various locations during the terrorist attacks coordinated by Hamas and other armed groups on October 7. In New York, Switzerland reiterated its condemnation of the terrorist acts and reiterated its condemnation of all sexual violence in conflicts. In addition, the Patten report assumes that the hostages still being held are being subjected to sexual violence. In New York, Switzerland also reiterated its call for their immediate and unconditional release.

Sexual violence in conflict situations is a serious violation of international humanitarian law and human rights. "It is therefore imperative that the Security Council unanimously condemns all conflict-related sexual violence in the context of the Middle East conflict, as in all armed conflicts, and takes action to prevent its recurrence," said Riccarda Chanda, Deputy Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the UN, at the Security Council meeting. She also emphasized that those responsible must be identified and held accountable. The relevant UN bodies must be guaranteed appropriate access. Switzerland drew attention to the ongoing investigations by the International Criminal Court. These are looking into all violations of international law in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory since October 7.

Switzerland also expressed its deep concern at the information contained in the report on forms of sexual and gender-based violence against Palestinian men and women in detention centers, during house searches and at checkpoints. It condemned the fact that the hostilities in Gaza continue to cause numerous civilian casualties, including nearly 9,000 women. According to the UN, 95% of mothers do not have enough to eat. During today's Council meeting, Switzerland reiterated the need for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza to release hostages, allow humanitarian access and protect civilians. "The Security Council must at all costs put an end to the current spiral of violence in the Middle East and relaunch a process of dialogue with a view to finding a political solution to this conflict, in which women play a key role," said the Swiss representative in New York.

Statement by Switzerland on gender-based violence in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 11.03.2024

The UN Security Council today discussed its working methods in an annual open debate. The aim of the meeting, which was held at the initiative of the Japanese presidency, was to exchange views on the Council's accountability, transparency and effectiveness in order to better fulfill its mandate to maintain peace and security in the world. This issue is central to Switzerland's priority of "strengthening the effectiveness of the Security Council". The non-permanent members of the Council (Elected Ten, E10) – including Switzerland - issued a joint statement during the debate.

In New York, the E10 emphasized their determination to work to ensure that the Council can effectively fulfill its mandate, especially in these challenging times. In their statement, the E10 emphasized the need to strengthen the Council's cooperation with other UN bodies, such as the General Assembly. The equal participation of women and the integration of a gender perspective in all working methods was also emphasized. Civil society perspectives should also be taken into account. The E10 also emphasized the importance of targeted sanctions as an important tool of the Council. The E10 also expressed concern about the frequent use of the veto, which has prevented the adoption of important resolutions in recent months. This can limit confidence in the Security Council. In line with the Code of Conduct of the Accountability, Coherence and Transparency Group (ACT Group), they called for restraint in the use of the veto, particularly in cases requiring action to prevent and stop mass atrocities.

As part of the open debate, Switzerland also contributed to a statement by the ACT Group, which is coordinated by Switzerland and works for a transparent, effective, efficient and inclusive UN Security Council.

E10 Statement on the Working Methods of the UN Security Council, 11.03.2024

Sudan is the scene of one of the worst humanitarian disasters of our time. As a result of the escalation of the conflict in April 2023 between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), almost 25 million people are dependent on humanitarian aid, according to UN figures. Everything is lacking, particularly food, water, shelter and medical care.

Against this backdrop, the UN Security Council has adopted a resolution calling for a cessation of hostilities during the month of Ramadan, which begins on 10 March. The Council also calls on the parties to the conflict to endeavour to find a sustainable solution to the conflict, to strictly adhere to international humanitarian law and to allow safe, rapid and unhindered access for humanitarian aid.

Switzerland supported the resolution in New York because it reflects three different priority aspects. These include the protection of the civilian population, the improvement of the humanitarian situation and the search for a political solution to the conflict. In the Security Council, Switzerland emphasised its deep concerned regarding reports of serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law. This also includes sexual and ethnic-based violence. «We reiterate our urgent call on the SAF and the RSF to immediately cease hostilities, to respect their obligations under international law and to protect civilians», said Swiss Ambassador to the UN Pascale Baeriswyl at a Security Council briefing on the situation in Sudan on 7 March.

Switzerland welcomed the announcement made by the Sudanese authorities on 5 March, which reversed the decision taken in February to suspend cross-border humanitarian aid from Chad. This decision also opens up further border crossings and selected airports for humanitarian aid. In the Council yesterday, Switzerland called for this announcement to be implemented swiftly: «Cross-border delivery remains essential to reach more people. We continue to call on the parties to allow and facilitate safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access across borders and frontlines». Finally, Switzerland emphasised the need for a lasting negotiated solution to the conflict. It called on the parties to the conflict to return immediately to negotiations on a ceasefire and to a credible and inclusive political dialogue. Against this backdrop, Switzerland welcomes today's adoption of the resolution.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in Sudan, UN Security Council, 07.03.2024

The worsening food crisis facing the population of the Gaza Strip was at the focus of a UN Security Council meeting today. The meeting was convened at the request of Switzerland and Guyana in their roles as the Council’s co-focal points on "Hunger and Conflict". According to information from the UN Humanitarian Office (OCHA), the level of food insecurity and the associated risk of famine in the Gaza Strip is alarming. The escalation of hostilities in the Middle East since October 7 is the main cause of this acute need. The fighting is negatively impacting Gaza’s water supply, agriculture and food. The situation was already worrying due to the poverty that has prevailed since the closure of the Gaza Strip in 2008, which restricted movement and access. According to OCHA, one in four people in Gaza is now severly malnourished – more than half a million people. Children, pregnant and breastfeeding women, people with disabilities, and the elderly are at a particularly high risk of death.

The dramatic situation is exacerbated by the severe restrictions on the transport of food into and within the Gaza Strip. In the Security Council, Switzerland reminded Israel to implement the measures ordered by the International Court of Justice on February 26, 2024. Among other things, the Court requires Israel to ensure the provision of urgently needed basic services to the Palestinian population and to facilitate the rapid and unhindered humanitarian aid. Against this background, Switzerland called on all parties to the conflict to comply with international humanitarian law, including the prohibition of the use of starvation as a method of warfare, and to protect the civilian population.

"We, the members of this Council, must use our influence and take measures to prevent famine and save lives," emphasized Switzerland's representative to the Security Council. An immediate humanitarian ceasefire is urgently needed. In Resolution 2417 of 2018, the UN Security Council strongly condemned the starvation of civilians and the unlawful denial of humanitarian access as a tactic of war. Switzerland stated in the Council that it remains ready to work with all members of the Council to find a political solution that ends the suffering of the people and restores the prospect of peace.

Statement by Switzerland on the food security situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 27.02.2024

Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis took part in a high-level debate at the UN Security Council centred on the second anniversary of the war in Ukraine. The head of the FDFA reminded the Council of the pursuit of peace as a declared founding goal of the United Nations in the UN Charter and emphasised that this goal is the raison d'être of the organisation. "We bear responsibility for this ideal, which was adopted here three quarters of a century ago," emphasised the head of the FDFA in New York.

Since the beginning of the war, the Security Council has been unable to fulfil its responsibility to ensure peace and security for Ukraine and its people. Thousands of people have lost their lives, millions have been displaced and the human suffering is immense. Against this backdrop, Mr Cassis asked what the international community can do to ensure that the principles of the UN Charter, the Geneva Conventions and international humanitarian law are upheld in Ukraine and elsewhere in the world. "We must not fall into pessimism," explained Federal Councillor Cassis.

The path to peace in Ukraine must be travelled together. And the first step on this path is the organisation of the first international conference in Switzerland on peace in Ukraine. "We are working tirelessly to try and set in motion a new dynamic, a pragmatic and inclusive process," emphasised the head of the FDFA in the Security Council. Federal Councillor Cassis has organised various outreach activities at different levels over the past month to ensure that such a process can be successfully launched. "Switzerland, with its tradition of good offices, is convinced that we must listen to everyone," emphasised Ignazio Cassis. The prerequisite for a successful peace process is broad representation that includes all regions of the world.

Speech by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the occasion of the 2nd anniversary of the war in Ukraine, UN Security Council, 23.02.2024 (fr)

The UN Security Council today voted on a resolution calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in the Middle East. The draft resolution, which was presented by Algeria, failed due to a veto by the USA. The catastrophic humanitarian situation for over 2 million people in Gaza continues to worsen: hunger is rampant, the health sector is in ruins and a large part of the population has already been internally displaced several times. There is a lack of everything, especially humanitarian access. In addition, Israel's impending military ground offensive in Rafah in the south of the Gaza Strip poses a serious threat to over 1 million people. Numerous hostages are being held and their medical care is not guaranteed.

To counter these developments, in addition to an immediate ceasefire, the resolution would have called for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, full compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties, rapid, safe and unhindered humanitarian access to the civilian population in need and rejected any forced displacement of the Palestinian population. By adopting the resolution, the Security Council would also have recalled the precautionary measures taken by the International Court of Justice on January 26, 2024 to prevent genocide in the Middle East and reiterated its call for a two-state solution. Finally, the failed draft resolution also expressed grave concern about the threat of further escalation in the wider region as a result of the violence in Gaza.

Switzerland supported the resolution and regretted the outcome of the vote. In its explanation of vote, it reiterated its position on the current escalation in the Middle East and emphasized that the call for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire in Gaza is in line with the Security Council's collective commitment to respect and ensure respect for the Geneva Conventions and international humanitarian law in all circumstances. "We cannot allow hundreds of thousands of besieged civilians to be left to starvation and epidemics without adequate security guarantees, whether for the provision of humanitarian assistance or for their own protection," Switzerland said.

During the negotiations on the draft resolution, Switzerland played a key role in ensuring that the demand for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages, compliance with international law and the protection of the civilian population were enshrined in the text of the resolution. Switzerland calls on the parties to the conflict to immediately implement the UN Security Council resolutions adopted in December and November 2023 on the situation on the ground. The immediate release of the hostages, a humanitarian ceasefire, unhindered access for humanitarian aid to Gaza and full compliance with international humanitarian law and human rights by all parties are urgent. On this basis, work must be done towards a political dialog with the goal of a two-state solution.

Swiss Statement after the vote, United Nations Security Council, 20.02.2024

Situation in the Middle East

The UN Security Council held an open debate, chaired by Guyana, on the link between climate change, food insecurity and armed conflict. "Addressing climate security" is one of the four thematic priorities defined by the Federal Council for Switzerland's membership of the Security Council. Switzerland, represented by Ambassador Alexandra Baumann, Head of the FDFA's Prosperity and Sustainability Division (PSD), emphasized the need for prevention in New York. "Conflict is the main cause of hunger, and climate change further destabilizes the situation," she emphasized. Acute food insecurity in the world has increased massively over the past decade. Despite the targets set by the 2030 Agenda, almost 800 million people still face chronic hunger.

At the Security Council, Switzerland presented solutions aimed in particular at preventing climate-related risks and reducing tensions. In recent years, early warning systems have been developed for food insecurity, conflicts and extreme climatic events. At present, these systems mostly operate separately. It is essential that they be linked to avoid blind spots in conflict prevention. The resulting data must then be used for targeted, preventive action. In this way, for example, the creation of sustainable food systems can be ensured in the long term. Switzerland is also committed to this at the bilateral level within the framework of its international cooperation.

For this to succeed, coordinated cooperation between environmental, peace and humanitarian actors is necessary. In addition to the UN Security Council, these include the entire UN system, regional organizations such as the African Union, local institutions, as well as the scientific community and the private sector. Switzerland actively promotes dialogue between these actors and recently organized dialogues in Addis Ababa on the impact of climate change and conflict on food security.

The result of the vicious circle of conflict, food insecurity and the consequences of climate change is the same in many conflict zones around the world: more instability, more insecurity and more suffering among civilians. "In order to find context-specific responses, the Council must take into account the impact of climate change on peace and security," emphasized Alexandra Baumann in New York. Switzerland will continue to address the security and peace policy implications of climate change in the Security Council, identify possible solutions and contribute to building consensus among Council members.

Statement by Switzerland on climate change and food security, UN Security Council, 13.02.2024

News article: Why the consequences of climate change can exacerbate conflicts

From February 7 to 11, Switzerland, together with Guyana and the United Kingdom, will leada visit to Colombia by the 15 members of the UN Security Council. The aim of the Council is to gain an insight into the situation in the country, the implementation of the 2016 agreement and to support the establishment of a lasting peace. Switzerland remains strongly committed to the peace process in Colombia.

Article: UN Security Council visits Colombia to support peace process

At an emergency meeting requested by Russia, the UN Security Council discussed the air strikes carried out by the United States in Syria and Iraq following the attack on a US base in Jordan. At the Council, Switzerland expressed its concern about the regional escalation, which has steadily increased since the terrorist attacks by Hamas on October 7 and the war in Gaza, and has reached a dangerous point in the last ten days. "There is a real threat to international peace and security in the region," emphasized Switzerland's deputy ambassador to the UN, Adrian Hauri, in New York.

Switzerland called on the parties to the conflict and all actors with influence to exercise maximum restraint in order to avoid further escalation in the region. "A single miscalculation can have devastating consequences," the Swiss representative told the Council. Switzerland recalled that any military action must be in accordance with international law and called on all parties to ensure respect for international humanitarian law and human rights. Only political solutions can ultimately guarantee peace and security in the region. In particular, a humanitarian ceasefire is needed in Gaza. With regard to Syria, Switzerland stated in the Council that UN Security Council Resolution 2254 calls for a ceasefire at the national level.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in Syria and Iraq, UN Security Council, 05.02.2024

The UN Security Council today once again discussed the current situation in the Middle East. Switzerland reiterated its position and called in particular for international humanitarian law to be respected. In view of the catastrophic humanitarian situation in Gaza, a humanitarian ceasefire is urgently needed to allow humanitarian access and the release of all hostages. Switzerland underlined its unwavering support for the International Court of Justice and recalled that the precautionary measures of January 26 are binding on both parties. It expects Israel to comply with the Court's order and to take the necessary measures to prevent the commission of acts of genocide and incitement to genocide. This requires immediate and effective measures, including the provision of basic services and humanitarian assistance.

In New York, Switzerland also expressed its concern about the serious allegations against UNRWA staff suspected of involvement in the terrorist acts of October 7. Switzerland has a policy of zero tolerance towards any support for terrorism and incitement to hatred or violence. Switzerland has taken note of the immediate measures taken by UNRWA against the employees and expects that the internal investigation will fully clarify the allegations.

Finally, Switzerland warned against a regionalization of the conflict and reiterated that respect for international law, a humanitarian ceasefire, access for aid to Gaza and the release of hostages are only the first steps towards a lasting political solution to the conflict, which must be based on a two-state solution.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 31.01.2024

The UN Security Council today unanimously renewed the mandate of the UN peacekeeping mission in Cyprus (UNFICYP) by resolution. UNFICYP has been stationed on the Mediterranean island for 60 years and makes an important contribution to stability on site and in Europe.

In 1964, the UN Security Council deployed the peacekeeping mission following the outbreak of violence between the Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot communities. This makes it one of the oldest UN peacekeeping missions still in operation. Although a ceasefire was signed between the parties to the conflict, the country has remained divided since Turkish troops invaded the north of the island in 1974. In light of this, UNFICYP maintains a buffer zone between the troops of both parties.

By adopting the resolution, the UN Security Council also welcomes the appointment of Maria Angela Holguin Cuellar as the UN Secretary-General's personal envoy to Cyprus. This is an important step in the search for common ground with the aim of returning to formal negotiations and revitalising a possible negotiation process. Switzerland supports the envoy and the good offices of the UN Secretary-General.

In the Council, Switzerland voted in favour of renewing the UN peacekeeping mission and considers a political solution acceptable to both sides to be key. It supports a federalist solution based on two zones for both communities with equal political rights in accordance with Security Council resolutions. In order to achieve such a solution, trust and dialogue between the parties must be strengthened. For this reason, Switzerland is involved at bilateral level in the Committee for Missing Persons in Cyprus, which is made up of Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots. Switzerland also continues offering itself as a host for talks. For example, the UN has maintained political dialogue at Bürgenstock (2004), Mont Pèlerin (2016) and Crans-Montana (2017).

On January 23, Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis took part in a ministerial debate on the Middle East at the UN Security Council. Under the French Presidency, the aim of the debate was to contribute to concrete progress towards a political solution to the crisis in the Middle East. The Head of the FDFA presented to the Council an analysis of the situation and presented his views on a solution to the conflict and a lasting peace in the region. 

Federal Councillor Cassis yesterday reiterated the Federal Council's position on the Middle East conflict during a high-level debate at the UN Security Council. He condemned the terrorist attacks by Hamas against Israel and called for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages held by Hamas. The head of the FDFA also drew attention to the precarious humanitarian situation in Gaza: "Since October 7, there seems to be no limit to the violence in Israel, in Gaza and throughout the occupied Palestinian territory.

In New York, the head of the FDFA also spoke of the UN Security Council's involvement in the Middle East conflict. The Council has recently adopted important resolutions that are very difficult to implement. Only some of the hostages have been released, civilians are the daily victims of the fighting, and international humanitarian law continues to be violated. "We cannot give in to frustration. We must not be discouraged," Ignazio Cassis told the Security Council. He stressed the need for a comprehensive approach to the solution, involving in particular the States of the region. Without a regional political consensus, there can be no lasting peace in the Middle East," said the head of the FDFA. At the diplomatic level, recent years have shown that there is room for political agreement and common interests between Israel and the states of the region. This space must be used to work towards a lasting peace, which requires a two-state solution. "This is the only solution that offers both Israelis and Palestinians the prospect of living in peace and security," Mr. Cassis emphasized.

The head of the FDFA called on the parties to the conflict, the states in the region and the members of the Security Council to act in order to lay the foundations for a lasting cessation of hostilities and a political solution to the crisis. This requires the immediate release of the hostages, a humanitarian ceasefire, unhindered access for humanitarian aid to Gaza, and full respect for international humanitarian law. Switzerland is ready to support these efforts in cooperation with Israel, the Palestinian Authority and the states of the region.

Speech by Federal Councillor Ignazio Cassis on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 23.01.2024

Situation in the Middle East

Following further attacks by the Yemeni Houthis on merchant ships in the Red Sea in recent days and the subsequent military strikes by the United States and the United Kingdom, the UN Security Council met today for an emergency meeting. In the Security Council, Switzerland emphasised that these recent developments were worrying and increased the risk of a regional escalation.

Two days ago, the Security Council adopted a resolution calling for greater maritime security and strict compliance with rights and freedoms of navigation in accordance with international law. Switzerland supported the resolution because it expresses the Council's concern about the situation in the region and calls on the Houthis to immediately cease their attacks on ships in the Red Sea.

Today in New York, Switzerland emphasised its legal assessment of the resolution – just as it did after the vote on 10 January: The right to take military action mentioned in the relevant article of the resolution is limited to intercepting attacks on merchant vessels and warships. This therefore only refers to the protection of a ship under attack and its crew. In this context, any military operation that goes beyond the immediate need to protect vessels and persons would be disproportionate and not covered by the resolution.

Switzerland is concerned about the military strikes carried out by the British-American coalition. The incidents in the Red Sea are already having a negative impact on maritime traffic and international trade. However, the precarious situation of the civilian population in Yemen and the region, which is dependent on vital humanitarian aid by sea, could also be further exacerbated if hostilities continue. In view of this, Switzerland called on all parties and actors in the Red Sea and the surrounding region in the Security Council to exercise caution and restraint and to strictly adhere to international law. This with the aim of avoiding a regional escalation. In the long term, only a lasting peace in Yemen that includes all the actors involved will guarantee security in the Red Sea.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Red Sea, UN Security Council, 12.01.2024

At an emergency meeting today, the UN Security Council once again discussed the situation in the Middle East, in particular the forced displacement of the Palestinian population. Switzerland expressed its concern about the steady increase in violence and the suffering of the civilian population. In light of the dire humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip, it called for the facilitation of humanitarian access to the Gaza Strip and the release of the hostages remaining there. To this end, Switzerland emphasized the need for a lasting humanitarian ceasefire. In the Security Council, Switzerland reiterated its condemnation of the terrorist attacks by Hamas on October 7, in particular the sexual violence against women and girls.

In order to alleviate the suffering of civilians, it is essential that the two resolutions on the Middle East adopted by the Security Council in November and December be fully implemented. In particular, the resolutions call for an increase in humanitarian assistance to the Gaza Strip by ensuring rapid, safe and unhindered access in accordance with international humanitarian law. There is a serious risk of famine, which already affects about half a million people in Gaza.

Switzerland also emphasized in New York that the Geneva Conventions prohibit the forcible transfer of populations and that such transfer can constitute a war crime. It rejects calls for the expulsion of civilians from the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including Gaza, and calls on the leadership of all parties to refrain from provocative statements. Furthermore, all violations of international law committed in Israel and throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory must be investigated and the perpetrators brought to justice. To this end, the International Criminal Court (ICC) is currently conducting an investigation into the situation in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, covering both the events of October 7 and the ongoing events in Gaza and the West Bank.

The search for a political solution is urgent. In this context, Switzerland continues to support the two-state solution, so that Gaza can be rebuilt as part of a future Palestinian state, living side by side with Israel in peace and within secure and recognized borders.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 12.01.2024

The work of the UN Regional Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS) was the focus of a UN Security Council meeting today. UNOWAS is active in 16 countries where millions of people face multiple and complex challenges that jeopardize security in the region. At the end of January 2023, the Security Council extended the mandate of UNOWAS for another three years, under the leadership of Switzerland and Ghana. Despite some positive trends in the strengthening of democratic governance in some countries, the security situation in much of the region remains fragile and the need for humanitarian assistance is increasing. At today's Council meeting, Switzerland emphasized that prevention is crucial to avoid new conflicts and the escalation of existing ones. 

In the Council, Switzerland expressed its satisfaction with the improvements in the area of democratic governance. Several elections in the region were largely peaceful last year. Among other things, Switzerland supported the National Peace Committee in Nigeria to reduce violence before and during the elections.

Switzerland also welcomed the fact that UNOWAS will support Ghana, Mauritania, Senegal and Togo in organizing elections. In addition, Switzerland emphasized the need to continue promoting and implementing legislation that strengthens the role of women in political processes, thereby contributing to the development and consolidation of political institutions, electoral processes and democratic governance throughout the region.

The security situation for the civilian population in some regions of the Sahel remains a concern due to attacks by armed groups. In New York, Switzerland stated that developments, in particular after the withdrawal of the UN peacekeeping mission MINUSMA from Mali at the end of 2023, must be closely monitored. In this context, it emphasized the need to strengthen the work of UN Member States at the bilateral and multilateral level to mitigate the risk of a serious regional crisis. This should be done, in particular in close cooperation with the African Union and subregional organizations.

Strengthening humanitarian action to prevent and mitigate major humanitarian crises caused by conflict, instability, internal displacement and the consequences of climate change is another important factor for the protection of the populations. Some 26 million people in the Sahel region are currently in need of life-saving humanitarian aid. Against this backdrop, Switzerland emphasized that addressing climate risks into account is key to effective conflict prevention in West Africa and the Sahel. The effects of climate change, such as floods and droughts, have far-reaching consequences for security in the region. In the Council, Switzerland emphasized that the continuous analysis of climate risks and a better understanding of the linkages between climate, peace and security remain important in order to support the affected countries in adapting to the effects of climate change. Switzerland also read out a statement on behalf of several countries to draw attention to the negative impact of climate change on peace and security.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in West Africa and the Sahel, UN Security Council, 11.01.2024

Joint Statement on Climate Security, UN Security Council, 11.01.2024

The UN Security Council today adopted a resolution condemning the attacks by Yemen's Houthis on merchant ships in the Red Sea. In the resolution, the Council calls on the Houthis to immediately cease their attacks, which are hampering global trade and jeopardising security in the region. Switzerland supported the resolution.

On 19 November 2023, the Houthis captured the cargo ship "Galaxy Leader" on its way from Turkey to India, took control of the crew and diverted the ship to the Yemeni province of Hodeida. The Security Council resolution adopted today calls for the immediate release of the crew and the ship.

With the resolution, the Security Council emphasises that the shipping rights and freedoms of merchant ships must be respected in accordance with international law. The Council also calls for caution and restraint in order to avoid further escalation in the Red Sea and the broader region.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 10.01.2024

At the request of the United Arab Emirates, an emergency meeting was held at the UN Security Council on Friday 29 December to discuss the current situation in the Middle East. The continuation of hostilities in Gaza and the increase in violence in the West Bank are worrying and reinforce the threat of a regional extension of the conflict. These developments compromise the political prospect of implementing a two-state solution, as supported by Switzerland.

In view of the latest developments, Switzerland has once again stressed that respect for international humanitarian law and human rights, the protection of civilians and the release of hostages must remain a priority for the Security Council. Switzerland also stressed the need for a lasting political solution in the Middle East.

On behalf of Switzerland and Brazil, as informal focal points on conflict and hunger within the Security Council, a statement was also made on the acute food insecurity in the Gaza Strip, which affects more than 90% of the population.

Statement by Switzerland to the UN Security Council, 29.12.2023

Joint Statement by Switzerland and Brazil, UN Security Council, 29.12.2023 (PDF, 1 Page, 107.0 kB, English)

In light of the dramatically deteriorating situation in the Gaza Strip, the UN Security Council today adopted a resolution aimed at increasing humanitarian aid to the Gaza Strip. The resolution addresses the urgent humanitarian needs of the civilian population, deplores all attacks against civilians, including terrorist acts, including those carried out by Hamas since 7 October, and calls for

• Compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict.
  
• Rapid and unhindered access to facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid on a sufficient scale, including through a UN Humanitarian Mechanism and the opening of various border crossings.
• The immediate and unconditional release of all remaining hostages.
• Protection of civilians by both parties to the conflict.
• The need for a two-state solution.
• The need to create the conditions for a lasting cessation of hostilities.

Switzerland supported the resolution submitted to the Council by the United Arab Emirates because it contributes to alleviating the catastrophic humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip and because it incorporates various aspects of Switzerland's position on the current conflict. These include compliance with international humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict, the release of all hostages, the guarantee of safe and unhindered humanitarian access to Gaza, and the need for a two-state solution.

With a view to facilitating rapid and unhindered humanitarian access, the resolution adopted today underlines the urgent need to consider steps to create the conditions for a durable cessation of hostilities. This is without prejudice to Israel's right to ensure its defense and security, but would facilitate humanitarian access and allow for the immediate and unconditional release of all hostages. In its statement after the vote, Switzerland welcomed the Council's decision and emphasized that today's resolution must be complementary to international humanitarian law, according to which all parties to the conflict and other states are obliged to allow and facilitate aid to the suffering population.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, UN Security Council, 22.12.2023

On 21 December 2023, the UN Security Council voted in favour of sustainable funding for African Union (AU) peace support operations. Switzerland supported the resolution presented by the three African countries on the Security Council, Gabon, Ghana and Mozambique.

The peace operations led by the African Union are essential for managing security challenges on the African continent. Over the past 20 years, AU-led peace operations have provided responses to complex situations, such as illegitimate seizures of power in several countries, monitoring elections or observing ceasefire agreements. This illustrates the key role that regional players can play in meeting the continent's security challenges. AU-led peace operations are generally better rooted locally, have more detailed knowledge of the context, and are more willing to take risks in the face of complex threats.

However, due to limited resources, the AU cannot consistently utilise its strengths to support peace efforts across the continent. In particular, the AU needs stable resources and sustainable funding. On 21 December, the Security Council adopted a resolution to this effect, initiated by Gabon, Ghana and Mozambique. From the outset of the discussions, Switzerland actively supported this resolution, as it ensured predictable, sustainable and flexible UN funding for AU-led peace support operations. 

Impetus under the Swiss presidency

Under Switzerland's presidency, the Security Council had already addressed the issue of funding for African Union-led peace support operations in May 2023. 

Statement by Federal Councillor Viola Amherd at the Briefing on Peace and Security in Africa - UN Security Council, 25 May 2023

In 2018, Switzerland had already co-sponsored a draft Security Council resolution tabled by these three African states, considering the funding of AU peace support operations to be crucial for the credibility of the UN system.  The draft resolution was not adopted in 2018. The Security Council resolution adopted on 21 December is primarily aimed at finding "African solutions to African challenges". This focus on African solutions promotes sustainable responses to the continent's challenges. This commitment to sustainable solutions is why Switzerland has long supported the regional anchoring of peace operations, not only in Africa but also in other parts of the world, including Europe through the OSCE. The resolution offers the AU and the UN a clear framework for future AU-led peace mission deployments under Security Council mandates. This framework will facilitate financial planning for such missions. The Security Council and the UN General Assembly committee responsible for financial matters will in future still be required to approve funding on a case-by-case basis. Switzerland recognises and welcomes the progress made by the African Union since 2018 to establish a normative framework for peace support operations.

Respect for international humanitarian law and human rights

The Security Council resolution of 21 December, which was adopted unanimously, highlighted the need for all security forces to respect international humanitarian law and human rights. Compliance with international humanitarian law and human rights is an important condition for UN funding. This is a UN human rights due diligence requirement. "Switzerland was keen to lend its support and play a constructive role in the negotiation process in order to facilitate consensus between the various positions," said Pascale Baeriswyl. She also called on all parties to do their utmost to contribute to the implementation of this framework resolution. "In particular, we appeal to everyone's willingness to find compromises for future negotiations on a case-by-case basis. This is a decisive step for the future of African Union-led peace support operations to promote peace and security on the continent", she concluded. 

UN Security Council resolution in favour of sustainable funding for African Union (AU) peace support operations, UN Security Council, 21 December 2023

Swiss statement following the vote, UN Security Council, 21 December 2023

The UN Security Council today unanimously extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Force (UNDOF) in the Golan Heights – a mountain range on the border between Syria and Israel – for six months. The Security Council first mandated the UNDOF in May 1974, making it one of the longest running UN missions. UNDOF’s deployment dates back to the "Yom Kippur War" between Israel and Syria, which broke out in October 1973 and was fought in part on the Golan Heights. In May of the following year, the two parties to the conflict agreed to a cease-fire and the establishment of a demilitarized zone in Geneva. Since then, UNDOF monitors the demilitarized zone and compliance with the ceasefire between Israel and Syria.

Switzerland supported the resolution in the Security Council because the UNDOF makes an important contribution to peace and stability in the Middle East. Against the background of the escalation of violence in the Middle East following the terrorist attacks by Hamas on 7 October and the major regional tensions, this mission is all the more important in order to avoid a regionalization of the current conflict.

For the UN Security Council, 2023 was a year of multiple crises. Barely any of the world's conflict hotspots failed to make the agenda of its virtually daily meetings, from Haiti and Sudan to Ukraine and the Middle East. Over the past year, Switzerland has focused on the four priorities defined by the Federal Council, which it intends to build on during the second half of its Security Council term in 2024.

Article: Switzerland's membership of the UN Security Council: a look back and a look ahead

On December 6, UN Secretary-General António Guterres wrote to the UN Security Council to call for a humanitarian ceasefire due to the unsustainable situation in the Gaza Strip. In this context, the United Arab Emirates introduced a resolution in the Security Council calling for an immediate humanitarian ceasefire, compliance with international humanitarian law and the protection of Israeli and Palestinian civilians by both parties to the conflict, as well as the immediate release of all remaining hostages. Switzerland supported the resolution. However, it failed due to a veto by the United States. During the negotiations, Switzerland successfully argued for the protection of civilians on both sides and the release of hostages to be included in the text of the resolution.

The resolution would have had a humanitarian focus aimed at improving the dire situation of civilians in the Gaza Strip. After the vote, Switzerland clarified that the humanitarian ceasefire called for in the resolution would have been understood as a temporary humanitarian pause that would not have affected Israel's right to defense and security. The Federal Council discussed the draft resolution at its meeting today.

Switzerland regrets today's decision by the Council and will continue to work for the Security Council to agree on steps that go beyond humanitarian aid. This is essential for survival, but it will not resolve the conflict. A two-state solution negotiated by both sides is the basis for peace and stability in the Middle East.

Statement from Switzerland after the vote

Statement by Switzerland, Briefing on the situation in the Middle East, UN Security Council, 08.12.2023

The UN Security Council met today to discuss the situation in Ukraine. Russia's military aggression against its neighbor continues unabated. The onset of winter brings an additional hardship to the suffering civilian population. Ongoing Russian attacks on critical infrastructure are exacerbating the precarious humanitarian situation. They are causing power, heating and water outages, which are particularly vital in winter. Humanitarian organisations are working tirelessly to provide relief. The lack of humanitarian access to Ukrainian areas under Russian control remains a concern.

Against this backdrop, Switzerland emphasised in the Security Council the urgent need to step up humanitarian measures on which almost 18 million people depend. These measures should ensure the supply of electricity and heat. Switzerland also reiterated its call for compliance with international humanitarian law and the protection of the civilian population. It also emphasised the special protection of medical personnel and facilities. Since February 24 2022, at least 10,000 civilians have lost their lives and more than 18,500 have been injured in Ukraine. The ongoing Russian airstrikes, which do not stop at residential buildings, schools, hospitals and other civilian facilities throughout the country, are further increasing these figures. Furthermore, Switzerland stressed in the Council that food security in Ukraine must be strengthened, as food security in many parts of the world also depends on it. In this context, Switzerland reiterated its support for the efforts of the UN and other actors to facilitate grain exports from Ukraine.

President Alain Berset's visit to Kyiv ten days ago to attend an international summit on global food security emphasised Switzerland's continued solidarity with Ukrainian citizens. As part of its humanitarian activities, Switzerland will continue to provide winter aid to the Ukrainian civilian population and will be strongly involved in humanitarian demining in the country.

Statement by Switzerland on the situation in Ukraine, UN Security Council, 06.12.2023

At the request of the Sudanese government, the UN Security Council today decided to end the United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in the Sudan (UNITAMS).

Without the consent and political will of the host state, UN Political Missions are unable to implement their mandate. On 16 November, the government withdrew its consent for UNITAMS in a letter to the Secretary-General. In a statement after the vote, Switzerland expressed regret for the termination of the UN mission in Sudan. UNITAMS' mandate was originally intended to support the country's transition, which was abruptly interrupted by the outbreak of conflict last April. Various UN agencies will remain in the country. In the Council, Switzerland voiced its support for the recently appointed UN Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Sudan and the regional peace efforts. Switzerland also appealed to all parties to the conflict to fulfil their obligations under international humanitarian law, in particular to protect the civilian population.

The current conflict is taking a massive toll on the civilian population. The humanitarian situation in the country is catastrophic. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), over 5 million people have been displaced within Sudan since the outbreak of violence and over one million have fled to neighbouring countries to escape the consequences of the conflict. The number of displaced people is one of the highest in the world. The conflict also further exacerbates the dramatic humanitarian situation. Figures from the UN Office for Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) confirm that almost 25 million people – half of Sudan's population – are in urgent need of humanitarian aid. There is a lack of food, drinking water, hygiene facilities, shelter, medical care and protection. To respond to the acute humanitarian needs in Sudan and the affected neighbouring countries, Switzerland has provided around CHF 60 million so far this year.

Against the current backdrop of ongoing violence, displacement and humanitarian need, it is important to Switzerland that the Security Council continues to fulfil its responsibility for peace and security and remains informed about the situation in Sudan. In the negotiations on the resolution, Switzerland therefore advocated for a continued reporting to the Council on the situation in the country and the role of the UN Personal Envoy of the Secretary-General for Sudan. The latter is to play an important role in supporting regional peace efforts.

Statement by Switzerland after the vote, 01.12.2023